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均匀分布

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The problem of the error of calculation formula calculating the variance of grouping data within distances in statistics was put forward,and the concrete forms of correcting formula were given by the theorem of addition and the variance of even distribution.

提出统计学中的组距分组资料方差和标准差计算公式误差问题,由方差的加法定理和均匀分布方差给出分组资料方差计算和标准差计算的修正公式具体形式,并就均匀分布数列和正态分布数列组内方差平均数进行了讨论

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有:(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题;(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数,并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度;(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示;(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下,得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式;(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法,从后验分布中产生MCMC样本,从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计,并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间,完成区间估计。

This thesis mainly discuss following issues, Theory and simple expressions for array covariance matrixes are derived when angular spread functions are symmetric distribution functions, i. e. the Uniform distribution, the Gauss distribution, the Laplace distribution and the Von Mises distribution, and a non-symmetric distribution function, i. e. the Gamma distribution. And the relation between the effective signal subspace and the array number, or and the nominal angle of the distributed source, the angular spread, the distributed functions, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is gained. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the array number. And it is more obvious to the non-symmetric distribution. The dimension of the effective signal subspace decreases with increment of the nominal angle. And the distributed source is equal to a point source as θ=π/2. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the angular spread.

本论文针对阵列信号处理中广泛存在的分布源现象,主要讨论了以下问题:推导了角度分布函数分别为对称的均匀分布、高斯分布、拉普拉斯分布、Von Mises分布和非对称的伽马分布时,分布源阵列接收信号协方差阵的严格模型和简化模型,得到了单个分布源的有效信号子空间随阵元数、分布源中心角、分布角、角度分布函数和信噪比的变化规律:随着阵元数的增加,对所有角度分布函数的有效信号子空间维数也随着增加,且非对称分布函数的有效信号子空间充满整个空间的可能性更大;随着分布源中心角逐步增加,有效信号子空间维数逐步减小,当θ=π/2时,等价于点源情形;随着分布源分布角逐渐加大,有效信号子空间维数也随之增加,直到有效信号子空间充满整个空间;随着信噪比的增加,有效信号子空间维数有一定程度的减少。

Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the helical CT or high-resolution CT features(distribution and size of miliary nodule and attenuation of the lung)of 43 patients with miliary tuberculosis and 28 patients with pneumoconiosis.

结果CT图像上,43例粟粒型肺结核中,结节均匀分布34例(79%),大小一致31例(72%),密度均匀31例(72%)以及毛玻璃征32例(74%)。28例尘肺中,粟粒结节均匀分布4例(14%),大小一致12例(43%),密度不均匀25例(89%),毛玻璃征2例(7%)。

The composi tional change profiles of monazite demonstrate a heterogeneous distribution of e lements La, Ce, Nd, P, Th, Si, Ca and U. This was caused by the differences in geological environments, temperatures, pressures and compositions of the hy drothermal solutions.

根据微区剖面(0.18mm)元素分布曲线,指出了La、Ce、Nd、P、Th、Si、Ca和U等元素表现出8~10个微环带成分不均匀分布的特点,并认为成矿溶液的地质环境、温压和微量元素含量变化是不均匀分布的主要原因。

According to the necessity to get pseudorandom number on the system simulation, Uniform distribution and white noise at first are studied .

首先研究生成均匀分布和白噪声伪随机序列的方法,然后给出了根据均匀分布随机序列产生任意概率分布的伪随机数序列的算法。

According to the criterion, the conventional uniformly distributed points were replaced by the nonuniformly distributed points.

本文针对规整填料的几何结构,提出了新的液体初始分布器的设计标准,将传统的均匀分布的喷淋点,改进为不均匀的喷淋点,以使液体在最短的时间内达到在填料层中的微观均匀分布

82 Times as high as the flow rate at the inlet; the velocity profile in the lower region is relatively uniform, and changes at the exit from a parabolic shape towards a plug flow as Re increases; The strong circulating flow in the upper region is very favourable to evaporization of heated fluid because it not only forces all the heated fluid to flow through the liquid surface and, therefore, to evaporate effectively, but also causes a large part of fluid to recirculate to the liquid surface and, therefore, to get a second opportunity of evaporization. In addition, the uniform velocity profile in the lower region is also favourable to crystallizing process.

轴向进料蒸发室进口管侧上方有强烈的循环流存在,循环流流量为进口流量的1.48~1.82倍;循环流下部流速分布较均匀,出口区流速在低Re时为抛物线分布,高Re时接近活塞流;强烈循环流的存在不仅迫使加热流体全部流经液面及其附近进行充分蒸发,而且之后还使相当部分流体再次循环回到液面及附近进行二次蒸发,对蒸发操作十分有利;蒸发室下部流速的均匀分布亦有利于蒸发结晶过程。

Computational results indicate that the distribution of near-field intensity deviated from the uniform distribution and near-field phase approximated the uniphase distribution in the NF and m range studied.

结果表明,在所取的NF范围内近场光场强度的空间分布偏离均匀分布,但相位近似为均匀分布

The simulation results of the cylinder-block model were given in the article, consistent with that of Middlemen"s. It was shown that the block part could improve the uniformity of the flow distribution. The analysis of the flow field of some materials with different power-law factor in the die designed by Mckelvey was close to that of Mckelvey"s. It was shown that the flow distribution was uniform in the die that can producesheets with 1200mm in width. During the analysis the flow channel was divided into several parts to get the details about the fluid flow in each area. A conclusion was drawn after analyzing the influence of the die pressure on the flow distribution, that the higher pressure is good for the output and bad for the uniformity of the distribution. Simulation of the die applying the cylindrical main runner showed the fact that when the cylinder replaced the cone the change of uniformity was trivial. The uniformity of the non-block flow channel was so poor that the block in the proper position of the die channel was necessary. The project of the die for the wider sheet was put forth, and the analysis of the fluid flow in the die was shown.

本文模拟了圆柱管缝隙流模型的三维流动场,得到了与Middlemen结论一致的流动均匀性,并通过模拟直观地展示了采用阻尼块可以改善挤出均匀性的现象;分析了多种幂率指数的流体在Mckelvey等人设计的流道模型中的流动分布,得到了与Mckelvey的分析结果接近的压力降和流量偏差;本文建立了1200mm幅宽机头流道的三维有限元模型,并逐个分析各个区域和多个截面的流动分布状况,由此揭示了1200mm幅宽L-型机头流道内的流北京化工大学硕士学位论文动分布基本均匀,并在分析了机头压力对于挤出流动分布的影响后得出结论:较高的机头压力可以获得较大的产量,但是不利于物料均匀分布;模拟了采用圆柱管主流道时机头流道内的流动分布,得出结论:主流道由圆锥管改为圆柱管时对流动均匀性影响不大,通过设置适当的阻尼仍然可以达到挤出平衡;模拟了两端进料式圆柱管无阻尼流道的流动均匀性后得到结论:两端进料式无阻尼结构的流动均匀性较差,宽机头中仍然有必要设置阻尼块;确定宽幅机头流道的基本方案,并设计了一种宽幅防水卷材挤出机头流道的结构,通过流动模拟表明该种结构的流动均匀性较好;考察了宽幅机头对于不同厚度片材的挤出适应性,得到结论:当生产不同厚度的片材时,阻尼块高度需要调整。

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