地面

Radar data assimilation had a obviously improved effect on the mesoscale system in ground of squall line, especially in the previous 2-3 hours, which made the ground thunderstorm high pressure of simulation and wind field closer to the observation.

雷达资料同化对飑线地面中尺度系统的模拟有明显的改进作用，尤其是在前23 h效果非常明显，使模拟的地面雷暴高压和风场更接近实况。

Analysis and a numerical simulation study are carried out to investigate the effects of surface fluxes on the development of a long-lived severe squall line that occurred on 12 July 2004 near Shanghai using the RSM-RANAL re-analysis data and WRF model.

使用水平分辨率20km的RSM-RANAL再分析资料和WRF模式，对2004年7月12日影响上海地区的一次飑线过程进行分析和数值模拟，结果表明：(1)雷暴发生区域的西北侧约300km处有一冷锋，地面风场辐合；中低层为一致西南急流，雷暴发生区域上空300h Pa位于西风急流右后侧辐散区中；地面存在明显的温度梯度。

The central plains area of 603.25 square kilometers, accounting for a total area of the county's 60.4 percent, Jingshan railway north of the ground at an altitude of 50 meters height above the hills locally exposed, relatively flat terrain, the ground elevation Jingshan railway generally south of 30 -50 m, because of wind and rivers, sand dunes occur more frequently valley.

中部平原区面积603.25平方公里，占全县总面积的60.4%，京山铁路以北，地面高程在海拔50米以上，局部有山丘出露，地势较为平坦，京山铁路以南地面高程一般在30—50米，由于受风沙影响及河流切割，沙丘沟谷出现较多。

Analyzed on the tunnels that used EPB method in different soils, the more logical three-dimensional finite element model is based, which can reality represented the soil transfiguration. 3 Due to the engineering example, a 3D FEM simulation model was founded. The model was used to study the rules of soil deformation and surface settlement during shield tunneling. 4 The characteristics of loess include the module, conglutination force and inner friction angle of the loess, affected the soil deformation. 5 The influence factors to the surface settlements such as the depth of soil, the outer diameter of the shield tunnel, the released stress at the cutting face, the fill ratio of the shield tail void, pouring-slurry press, thrusts and lengths of shield and digging steps were studied using the FEM method. References is brought forward in the loess areas of Xi'an was proposed.

通过对不同土质条件下盾构法进行地铁隧道施工的有限元分析，全面反映盾构推进对土体变形的影响情况； 3根据有关勘测资料，建立合理的盾构法施工三维非线性有限元模型，对盾构法施工引起的地层变位和地表位移情况进行计算，分析了盾构施工引起的地层变形规律和地面沉降规律； 4研究了黄土特性(地基模量、粘聚力和内摩擦角)对盾构法施工中土体变形的影响； 5利用三维有限元对盾构施工过程中影响地面沉降的因素(覆土厚度、隧道外径、开挖面压力变化量、注浆压力、盾尾空隙填充率、开挖步长、盾构机的长度和推进力等)进行研究，为今后西安地区地铁的建设提供参考。

What frost points to is air temperature falls to when 0 ℃ are the following, the white ice crystal that the lunt in close ground air condenses on the ground or upper object, also call " of " Bai Shuang.

霜指的是气温降至0℃以下时，近地面空气中的水汽在地面或地表物体上凝聚成的白色冰晶，也称为"白霜"。

Mulch can be added late in autumn to help moderate the effects of winter weather. The best time is after the ground has frozen but before the coldest weather arrives. Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter.

盖土可以在晚秋时节加入，以此缓和冬天气候的影响，最好的时机是在地面结冻后但在最冷的天气到来之前，在地面结冻之前铺上盖土会吸引要过冬的小动物来寻找温暖的地方造窝。

The types of karst hazards involve uneven subsidence, fissure, landslide, collapse, mudflow and cave-in.

岩溶地质灾害的形式包括地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面塌陷。

Theoretically, the new operator can describe the function of surface observation in Data Assimilation better.

理论上说，新的地面气压观测算子能更好地描述近地面气压观测在模式中的物理特性。

Correlation matrix and calculation method of joint parameter of network for low osmose oil field are established, which offer a favorable method for solving network problem with computer.

：建立了油田地面网络的相关矩阵及节点的参数计算通式，为计算机处理油田地面网络问题提供了有利手段。

Abstracts: Correlation matrix and calculation method of joint parameter of network for low osmose oil field are established, which offer a favorable method for solving network problem with computer.

摘 要：建立了油田地面网络的相关矩阵及节点的参数计算通式，为计算机处理油田地面网络问题提供了有利手段。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。