地震记录的

In the first step,through using the formula of the conformal transformation,a continuous medium with regulation boundary in original area could be transformed to a homogeneous medium with anomalous boundary in complex area,so the new constant velocity field could be more adapt to the current Stolt migration's conditions.

首先，利用保角变换法可将不规则边界的单连通区域转变成规则边界的原理，将规则边界的连续介质场转变成不规则边界的均匀介质场，使该均匀介质场更适应现有Stolt等偏移方法对速度场的要求；其次，对改变了区域的模型地震记录进行常规的偏移成像处理；再利用推导出的反变换公式对成像结果进行反变换，得出模型的真实偏移成像结果。

The database of STIS contained the coverages of: active fault, destructive event, instrumentally recorded event, isoseismal, seismic belt, seismic potential source, intensity zoning map (1990), city, etc..

STIS中包括的数据图层有：活动断裂、破坏性地震、仪器记录地震、历史地震等震线、地震带划分、潜在震源区划分、区域网格划分、行政区划、城市分布、地震烈度区划图(1990)。

Nevertheless, liquefaction has been so widespread in a number of recent earthquakes that it is often associated with them.

事实上，在千百年之前的书面记录中所描述的地震时的一些现象，从今天的知识来看，也是与沙土液化密切相关的。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

The geologic record indicates that a catastrophic quakehits Cascadia only about every 500 years, but the cities of the PacificNorthwest, like Seattle and Vancouver, are far less prepared than SanFrancisco and Los Angeles for a major earthquake, so when the nextpowerful temblor comes around, the region could suffer.

地质记录表明这里每500年才会发生毁灭性的地震。西北太平洋沿岸的城市，如西雅图和温哥华，都不像旧金山和洛杉矶那样对地震准备充足，所以下一次爆发大地震时，这一块地区很可能受灾严重。

The focal mechanisms of moderate-small earthquakes are calculated tentatively using digital seismic wave data in some provincial digital seismic networks based on the program of focal mechanism determinations combing the first motion of P, SV and SH waves with their amplitude ratio, which is recently developed by Snoke.

引言 强震前震源及附近地区中小地震的震源机制解是否变化，一直是地震预测比较关心的问题[1]。由P波初动求取地震的震源机制解是地震学中一个常用的方法，但这种方法要求所计算的地震被很多台站记录到[2]。

The CMP record was processed by conventional flow, and stacked and deviated sections were obtained, the response characters of pinchout sand bodies are analyzed, the seismic attributes such as root-mean-square amplitude and its variation are determined as sensitivety parameters of oil and gas reservoirs, a concept seismic-geologic model of sublacustrine fan reservoir is established, by which the multiplicity and limitation are reduced for prediction, a basis is provided for seismic interpretation.

对共炮点记录进行常规处理，得到叠加和偏移剖面。分析尖灭砂体的地震响应特征，确定了均方根振幅和振幅变化率等地震属性为含油气储层敏感参数。并建立了湖底扇储集体概念化地震地质模型，减少了预测的多解性和局限性，可为地震解释提供科学依据。

However, various methods are used to suppress surface waves from shooting to receiving in the process of seismic survey, thus research should be carried out in the following aspects:① joint inversion with surface wave, refraction first break and microlog data;② offset range and the relation between group interval and surface resolution suitable for use in surface wave analysis;③ the influences of lateral relief of array on propagation of surface waves;④ method for Hi-Fi purification of surface wave signals;⑤ method for extracting dispersive curve through time-frequency analysis;⑥ forward modeling and in-version methods of surface wave in view of three-layer structure.

但石油勘探从激发到接收，都采取各种方式来压制面波，因而需要开展多方面的研究：①结合面波、折射初至波和微测井信息的联合反演；②地震记录中适合面波分析的炮检距范围、道间距与表层分辨率的关系；③排列横向地形起伏变化对面波传播规律的影响；④高保真提纯面波信号的方法；⑤运用时频分析提取频散曲线的方法；⑥针对三层结构的面波正反演方法。

The significant innovation is that the onshore-offshore deep seismic experiment was carried out for the first time in northeastern SCS. We used 3-component Ocean Bottom Seismometers, portable land stations made in our country and marine air-gun seismic source. The seismic data obtained are in good quality and filled the blankness of the seismic surveys in this transition zone. All these provide a strong base for the study of the crustal structure. This area has the typical continental crust.

在该区首次开展海上气枪放炮和陆上流动台站与海上OBS同时记录相结合的方法，获得了高质量的数据，填补了南海东北部滨海断裂带附近深地震探测的空白，为南海东北部深部结构的研究打下了良好基础，也为研究该地区的同行提供了一个可以参考的数据源。

Presence of multiples leads to poor quality in main stages of offshore seismic data processing, such as velocity analysis, stacking and imaging. Three basic multiple attenuating methods are reviewed; and a more effective multiple attenuator is achieved by joining them. As the first step, shot or receiver records are extrapolated by wave-equation datum algorithms. The extrapolation will establish a model of waterbottom multiples. Waterbotton multiples will then be removed by subtracting the extrapolated records from the original records. After that, predictive deconvolution is used to attenuate the multiples created by source ghost. Finaly, RADON transformation is adopted to separate peg-leg multiples and residual water-bottom multiples from the original data in the τ-p domain.

地震勘探尤其是海上地震勘探中存在着各类多次波，由于多次波的存在严重影响了速度分析、叠加、偏移成像等地震资料处理，海上多次波主要有全程多次波和层间多次两大类，为了压制海上不同类型的多次波，本文首先分析波场外推、预测反褶积和拉东变换衰减不同多次波的理论基础，然后联合采用这些方法，分别衰减全程多次波和层间多次波；即：首先对炮记录或者接收点记录进行波场外推，建立海底多次波模型，预测并减去全程多次波，然后利用预测反褶积衰减掉周期性明显的多次波，最后将数据转换到τ-p 域，用拉冬变换根据同一时间多次波和有效波在速度等方面的差异，进一步分离层间多次波和剩余的全程多次波，并在该域中切除分离出的多次波，从而实现联合多次波衰减处理。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。