地震纵波

In land areas with highvelocity rock outcrops,the seismic data recorded by vertical geophone deviate from the data of reflected compression wave with the increment of dip angle of strata and incident angle of reflection wave,which results in the difficulties of conventional seismic exploration in the near-surface high-velocity rock outcropped areas.

结果表明，当近地表速度为低速时，可以将垂直检波器记录的地震记录近似等同于反射纵波记录，这就是常规地震勘探在低速带区勘探取得成功的原因之一；当近地表速度为高速时，随着界面倾角和入射角的增加，垂直检波器记录的地震记录等效为反射纵波记录的误差增大，这就是存在高速近地表区地震勘探的难点之一。

Two dominate variation trends are distinguished in the data plots of compressional-wave velocity versus Possion ratio, indicating the effects of mud content and calcite cement on the elastic properties of sandstone samples. In each change trend, with the rock texture transfering gradually from grain-supporting to matrix-supporting with increasing mud and calcite cement content, the propagation of elastic wave also changed from grain-to-grain contacts to rock matrix, which resulted in the measured data illustrating extremely different tendency. It helps utilize the physics properties of reservoir sandstone to extract rock texture and diagenesis properties in the research area.

样品在纵波速度－泊松比交汇图中表现出两种主要变化趋势，分别对应泥质与钙质胶结物的影响；在每个变化趋势中随泥质含量与钙质胶结物含量的增加，岩石结构从颗粒所构成的骨架支撑逐渐表现为基质支撑，弹性波能量的传播也从通过颗粒接触边界转变为通过岩石基质传播，这是使砂岩样品测试结果表现出两种截然不同变化趋势的主要原因，为利用岩石物理特性从地震资料中提取岩石结构、沉积与成岩特征的信息提供了依据。

For frequency information fluid identification technology:the basic theory of fluid identification based on frequency information has been introduced,for inner and external factor affecting frequency,some steps have been proposed to attain reserved amplitude and frequency analysis data with high resolution,high S/N ratio;through the comparison of time-frequency analysis method, the high accuracy time-frequency analysis method has been selected to extract time-frequency attributes;the analysis method flow of common single frequency fluid identification has been proposed,according to the data of full frequency band,several anomaly zone modes of common single frequency attribute have segregated; incorporating converted wave and compression wave,fluid identification method based on PS wave combined time-frequency analysis has been proposed;the AVO property of various fluid type in frequency domain has been studied;the generalized fourier analysis method,Proni absorption filter has been introduced,and researched for anti-noise and for the seismic processing interpretation flow.The above technology have been applied to fluid identification of organic reef in WBT area in the east of Sichuan and fluid identification of clastic rock in GUANGAN area in the middle of Sichuan,the results show that the above methods are effective.

基于频率信息的流体识别技术方面：介绍了利用频率信息流体识别的基本理论，针对影响频率的内、外在因素，提出一些针对措施，以获得高分辨率、高信噪比的保幅、保频分析数据；通过时频分析方法的比较，选取高精度的时频分析方法提取时频属性；提出共单频属性进行流体识别的分析方法流程，结合全频带数据，分出几种共单频属性异常带模式；联合转换波资料和纵波资料，提出基于纵横波联合时频分析进行流体识别方法；研究了频率域内不同流体类型AVO现象；引进一种广义傅立叶分析方法：Proni吸收滤波，研究其抗噪性以及进行地震处理解释的流程；将这些技术应用川东北五百梯区块进行生物礁储层流体的识别和川中广安陆相碎屑岩的流体识别，取得较好的效果。

It studies the variations of deformation modulus, P wave velocity and acoustic emission in the process of rock fracture by cycle loading. Further, it is considered that the occurrence of earthquake outside Lijiang seismic area made the forced process changed, therefore, the Lijiang M7 earthquake came later, the impending precursory anomalies became unclear or complicated, and the magnitude decreased.

用循环加载研究岩石破裂孕育过程中变形模量、纵波速度和声发射的变化特征，进而探讨认为丽江地区外部地震的发生使受力过程发生了变化，从而使丽江7 级地震延迟发生，也使临近地震的前兆异常不明显或更复杂，并使丽江地震震级减小。

After deriving the equatio ns of reflectan ce spectrum of compressional and shear waves for thin beds at an arbitrary incid ence angle , the equations of reflectance spectrum of compressional wave for a thin be d are reduced at zero incidence angle .

通过采用实际地震子波为输入子波，对单个楔状体薄层、互层组楔状体地质模型进行了纵波合成记录制作。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。