地质学

To talk about the earth is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth.

地质学是关于构成地球的固体和液体物质的研究和科学。

Stalactites inside the cave, for scientific researchers in the Renaissance era, is a subject explored by the geology.

洞内的钟乳石对于文艺复兴时代的科学研究者来说，是一种地质学所探求的对象。

Point, line, plane and other geometric elements in space can be expressed by stereographic projection according to their spatial direction and occurrence; at the same time the author can read the orientation and attitude from the stereogram, so it can be used in rock mass engineering geology widely.

赤平极射投影可表示空间上的点、直线、平面等几何要素，根据它们的空间方向和产状可以作出赤平极射投影图，同时，可以根据赤平极射投影图，测读它们的空间方向和产状，因此在岩体工程地质学中得到广泛应用。

Stereographic projection method used to determine the most possible sliding direction in geology was introduced into the interference energy method , and then the interference displacement method to determine the most dangerous slip mass was introduced for the first time.

首次将地质学中用于确定最不利滑向的赤平投影法引入干扰能量法，提出了确定最不利潜在滑面的干扰位移法。

Stereographic projection method used to determine the most possible sliding direction in geology was introduced into the interference energy method, and then the interference displacement method (1DM) to determine the most dangerous slip mass was introduced for the first time.

首次将地质学中用于确定最不利滑向的赤平投影法引入干扰能量法，提出了确定最不利潜在滑面的干扰位移法。

Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils, and is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation.

生物学可以从几个方面应用于地质学。较为明显的是用于化石研究，同时，生物学对区域地层对比和建立生物地层带具有极为重要的意义。

Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils, and is especially significant in establish ing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation.

生物学可以从几个方面应用于地质学。较为明显的是用于化石研究，同时，生物学对区域地层对比和建立生物地层带具有极为重要的意义。

Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossil s,and is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation.

生物学可以从几个方面应用于地质学。较为明显的是用于化石研究，同时，生物学对区域地层对比和建立生物层序地层带具有极为重要的意义。

Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils, is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation.

生物学可以 www.ssbbww.com 从几个方面 www.sSbbww.com 应用于地质学。较为明显的是用于化石研究，同时 ssb§bww.com ，生物学对区域 www.Ssbbww.com 地层对比和建立生物层序地层带具有极为重要 ww w.8tt t8.com 的意义。

A good many mico-landblock of the early Neoproterozoic-Cambrian volcanic rock that distribute in the Tianshan orogenic belt and on its both sides, and the Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rocks that widely distribute in the Tianshan and adjacent regions are selected for subject investigating in this paper. Renewing the ocean-land format and ocean-land conversion process of Tianshan orogenic belt in the Paleozoic is the masterstroke for this paper. On the basis of detailed field investigation, many subjects, such asregional lithology、geochemistry、structural geology、volcanic sedimentology geology、sotope geochronology and synthesis analysis study of geophysics data, are adopted as instrumentality in the paper, this study lays emphasis on the formation, evolution and dynamics of early Neoproterozoic-Cambrian and Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rock in the Tianshan and its adjacent regions to find out Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rock property, eruptive sequence, time and space distribution characteristics, to resume and reconstruct evolution process of Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rock, and to explore connection of magmatism process and lithosphere stretching action of neopaleozoic ocean-land transformation in the Tianshan region.

本文选择分布于天山及其两侧的诸多微陆块上新元古代—早寒武世火山岩和天山地区广泛发育的石炭纪—早二叠世火山岩为研究对象，以恢复重建天山造山带古生代洋陆格局和洋陆转换过程为主线，在详细的野外工作基础上，综合运用区域岩石学、地球化学、构造地质学、火山沉积学、同位素地质年代学、区域地球物理资料综合分析研究等多学科手段，重点研究天山及其邻区新元代—早寒武世和石炭—二迭纪火山岩系的形成演化及其动力学，查明天山石炭纪火山岩系的性质、喷发序列、时空分布特点，恢复重建其形成演化过程，探索天山地区晚古生代洋陆转换过程中火山岩浆作用与岩石圈拉伸作用的关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。