地质

The researchers work for the United States Geological Survey, the Forest Service and several universities.

他们都在美国地质调查研究所、森林服务机构和一些大学工作。

He acted as an advisor for the Cenozoic Laboratory,Geological Survey of China,the first institution established for studying paleoanthropology in China since its establishment. He was one of the two chief authors of Fossil Man in China ,the first paleoanthropological book printed in China. He not only has great achievements in the study of Cenozoic stratigraphy,Paleolithic archaeology and mammalian fossils of China but also made important contributions in planning the excavation at Zhoukoudian. He worked in China for nearly 20 years,which makes him unparalleled among foreign paleoanthropologists.

从中国第一家专门为进行古人类学研究而建立的学术机构--中国地质调查所新生代研究室1929年成立之时起，他便任顾问；他是在中国出版的第一本关于古人类学的专著《中国原人史要》的两位主要执笔人之一；他不仅在中国新生代地层和哺乳动物的研究上卓有建树，而且在旧石器考古和周口店的发掘工作方面都有不小的贡献；他是为中国广义的古人类学工作时间最长的外国专家，为之付出了近20年的辛劳。

Researches on the strata and their sedimentary facies in the Sandy Desert Area of China since 150000aBP., fossil verteberates, mollusks and sporo-pollen, and the remains of fossil man activities and the analysis resultes of grain-sizes, detrital heavy minerals, clay minerals, chemical elements and CaCO〓as well as the susceptibility values of the strata comprehensively show that the afore-named four sandy desert areas since that time, all had ever undergone intensely developing sandy desert processes but they did not all evolve towards uniform this environment, and the content and form between them were different.

通过对中国沙区15万年来的地层及其沉积相、古脊椎动物、软体动物化石、孢粉、古人类活动遗存与颗粒、碎屑重矿物、粘土矿物、化学元素、CaCO〓分析结果和地层磁化率值等的研究，表明从那时以来上述四大沙区都曾经有过强烈的沙漠发展过程，但这几个沙区沙漠环境的发展并不都是朝着一个方向，且几者间地质过程的内容与形式是不同的。

A schematic model was proposed to illustrate the occurrences of various lithologies and lithofacies associations. The erosional surfaces on siliciclastic mudstones, funnel-shaped structure, and the exhuming of massive cold-seep carbonates exposed might have been occurred concurrently during a tectonic unstable time in SW Taiwan. The deposition of fossiliferous mudstone interfingered with the conglomerate lithofacies, and represented the rapid facies transition from siliciclastic (non-carbonate) into carbonate environment.

综合岩相观察结果，建构一个符合台湾西南部更新世珊瑚礁与基底泥岩接触关系的沉积相模式；其中，基底泥岩顶部的不规则冲蚀面、充填碳酸盐胶结泥岩砾与碳酸岩烟柱的漏斗状沉积，以及块状冷泉碳酸盐岩的出露，可能均为区域地质构造活动时期所造成；至於与含化石泥岩同时沉积的砾岩相，可能均为基底泥岩在快速浅化的过程中所沉积，标志古环境由矽质碎屑快速转变为碳酸盐环境的过程。

It was the first time the sequence stratigraphy study had been done all across Naimanqi Depression. Jiufotang Formation of Naimanqi Depression was divided into two third-class sequences (SQ1 and SQ2) and five system tracts (SQ1 has LST, TST and HST; SQ2 has TST and HST), and in High System Tract of SQ2, two fourth-class sequences were defined (Ssq1 and Ssq2).2. According to the analysis of core and logging data, we considered that it is the delta fan facies and established the electrofacies model.3. The distribution of reservoir sand bodies had been predicted in the areas without well data by combining the methods of sequence stratigraphy and reservoir inversion. In addition, we summarized the method and process of combining geology and geophysics to predict reservoirs and we made a good prediction by applying it.4. Combining with sequence and depositional types, sandstone thicknesses and reservoir properties, based on Petrel Software platform, we used fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively evaluate reservoirs and define favorable areas. We classified the reservoirs in Naimanqi Depression into five types (TypeⅠ, TypeⅡ, TypeⅢ, TypeⅣand TypeⅤ) and pointed out four favorable areas: Block Nai 1, Block of western Naican 1-Zhangjia Depression, Block Nai 6 and Block of Xinfa-Zhangjia Depression.

其主要创新点如下：1、首次在整个奈曼旗凹陷范围内进行了层序地层学的研究，将奈曼旗凹陷九佛堂组地层分为2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2)和5个体系域(SQ1由LST、TST和HST组成，SQ2由TST和HST组成)，并在SQ2的高位体系域中又识别出两个四级层序(Ssq1和Ssq2)。2、根据岩芯分析和测井资料识别，定义了研究区扇三角洲沉积相类型，并建立了测井相模板。3、通过层序地层学的研究，结合储层反演，对奈曼旗凹陷层序格架内没有井的区域进行了储层砂体的空间展布预测，并总结了地质-地球物理综合储层预测的方法与思路流程，在应用中取得了良好的预测效果。4、结合层序、沉积类型、砂岩厚度和储层物性等方面，以Petrel软件为基础平台，利用模糊数学的方法进行储层综合评价及有利区划分，将奈曼旗凹陷储层划分为五个级别(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类)，并预测了四个有利区块，分别为：奈1区块、奈参1西-张家洼子区块、奈6区块和新发-张家洼子区块

Looking from experience within and without China, we see some earthquakes create hidden geological and structural problems which may even be concealed for several years.

从国内外的经验看，有些地震造成的地质和建筑隐患，甚至可能潜伏几年之久。

And is also a frontier and hot point in geological hazard reduction fields.

也是新世纪地质灾害防灾减灾领域的前沿和热点。

There are many frost heaving freezing and thawing phenomena in Heilongjiang Province, they are very important geological disaster in construction engineering.

黑龙江省易发生冻胀、冻裂、冰丘、冰锥、热融塌陷和道路翻浆等冻融现象，这是危害工程建筑的一种重要地质灾害。

According to the characteristics of the hydrologic geology and the climate in the western region of Liaoning province, after inspecting the phenomenon of Aeolian roadbed road frost damage in recent years and found the phenomenon of the road frost damage include frost heaving, thaw collapse, the mud pumping, cracking, etc.

根据辽西地区的水文地质气候特征，考察了近几年的辽西地区风积土路基道路的冻害现象，发现存在的道路冻害现象有：冻胀、融沉、翻浆冒泥、开裂等。

The hydraulic loading system is developed and used to study the frost heaving characteristics of the subgrade soils under dynamic loading in closed system and open system . On the base of these work, the conclusions are as follows:1. Because of the the fine-grained fill, the frost deformations of Beijing-Baotou railway subgrade and Baotou-Lanzhou railway subgrade are holistically irregular, and great discrepancies exist among the frost heavings of subgrade at different sections.

本文根据冻害较严重的京包铁路、包兰铁路的气候、地质条件的调查和路基冻胀变形监测，结合路基土的性质对京包铁路、包兰铁路的冻害给出了评价；为了模拟振动荷载作用下土的冻胀，研制了液压动力加载系统；在室内采用实验方法对列车动荷载作用下包兰线路基粉质土在开敞、封闭系统下的冻胀特性进行模拟。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。