地质

According to the presumption based on the theory that "meteorite strikes are a widespread geological process in the solar system" and the comparative planetology, those geological structures of ringed mountains are the relics of earlier meteorite strikes distributed on the earth, which is the natural landscape formed in the interaction between the celestial bodies and the surface terrane when the former fell down on the earth and struck the latter.

根据"陨击是太阳系普遍的地质过程"和比较行星学推测，这些环形山地质构造是地球上分布的早期陨击遗迹，是外天体陨落地球撞击地面岩层时与其相互作用形成的自然景观。

Earth fissures express themselves at land surface as straight line,crenata,polygonal line and forniciform.

地裂缝地质灾害平面形态上可分为直线型、雁列型、锯齿型、折线型和弯曲形。地裂缝地质灾害空间分布上有方向性、群集性和系统性。

This paper uses principal curvature , plane stress and structure filtering to evaluate the development of fracture at geology shape, mechanical and signal handle facet.

本文应用主曲率分析技术、平面应力分析技术、构造滤波技术，从地质形态、力学角度、信号处理的角度给出了地质构造的裂缝发育评价。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

With the calculation tool of the third theory of quantification, the basic theory of the study of sensitive geology factors of coal and gas outburst was introduced; the transform of the study of geology factors of coal and gas outburst from qualitative to quantitative was realized.

以数量化理论Ⅲ为运算工具，介绍了煤与瓦斯突出敏感地质指标研究的方法原理，实现了瓦斯突出地质指标研究由定性向定量的转化，为煤与瓦斯突出的预测、预报及其防治提供了便利。

5 Years experience in geology. 2~3 years experience in mine or quarry geology.

3到5年地质经验，其中2到3年在矿山工作的地质经验。

The study of geological analogues is one of the important methods for safety assessments of the radioactive waste repository. It will be a new field for geological research in China.

地质类比研究是安全评价核废物处置系统的重要方法之一，也是地质学科的新研究领域。

It is suggested by our test work on radon mapping of geology that there is a good coincidence between the data got from gamma-ray spectrometer and radon monitor and the U、Th、Ra、K data got from indoor gamma-ray spectrometer and radiochemistry method; the data of gamma-ray spectrometer and radon monitor are also comparative to the 1∶20 ten thousand geochemistry data of U、Th、 Ra (calculated by the equilibrium coefficient between U and Ra) and radon concentrations measured by solid state nuclear track detector .

在国内首次利用地质勘探费用进行氡地质填图方法试验，该试验方法结果表明，利用国产的现场能谱仪、测氡仪获得的数据与室内能谱仪、化学法测得的铀、钍、镭、钾结果一致；与已有的1∶20万区域地球化学数据铀、钍、镭（由铀、镭平衡系数计算得出）、钾和固体核径迹累积法测氡数据具有很好的可比性。

Environment radon is mainly from rock and soil in geological environment, but the research is not connected with geological environment now. On the basis of physical field, the theoretical distribution model of radon in soil and exchange model of earth—air are set up by using Fick diffusion law and Dacy law, and then the research of environment radon is linked with geological environment. This paper described how the evry parameter of the theoretical model influence the radon concentration in air. The results of research indicat that molecule diffusion of radon is different from it's eddy form. Under the condition of surface radon source, the model experiment is used to study the transportation and distribution of radon in medium. The data of experiment show the relationship between radon and depth can be described by exponent. If the radioelement is well—distributtion, the concentration of radon in different depth or in different point at the same depth change with time, but the accumulated exhalation amount of radon at different point on the surface of model are close in relative long time. The author studied the exchange of radon between mediums and verified the theoretical models too.

环境氡主要来自岩石、土壤，而目前环境氡研究中与地质环境结合很少，为此作者以物理场为基础，运用气体运移的费克扩散定律和达西定律，建立起壤中氡浓度分布与大地—大气间氡交换理论模型，首次在理论上将环境氡与地质环境结合起来；论文中从理论上讨论了模型中各参数对空气中氡浓度的影响，发现空气中氡运移的分子扩散方式和湍流扩散方式存在明显差异；通过面状氡源条件下的氡运移模型实验，研究了介质中氡的运移与分布，实验数据表明氡浓度随深度的变化规律可用指数函数描述，在放射性元素分布均匀的条件下，介质中不同深度和同一深度不同点的氡浓度随时间而变，但介质表面不同点在较长时间内向空气中累计释放的氡的量是相近的；同时研究了不同介质间氡的交换，并验证了所建立的理论模型；运用理论模型预测青岛市城区壤中氡浓度、江西临川一住宅区空气中氡浓度及江西二个测区的区域空气中氡浓度分布，取得了较好的效果。

HeKezhao%Zhao Chonghe%Tai Daoqian Discovery of Late Palaeozoic radiolarian silicolite in many places in Northeastern Jiangxi ophiolitic melange belt Geosince Journal of Graduate School of China University of Geosciences , 1996,3

徐树桐%陈冠宝%陶正皖南变质岩石中古生物化石及其大地构造意义中国科学B辑， 1993，(6)谢国刚%李均辉%李武显庐山前震旦纪岩石中锆石U-Pb法定年与其地质意义地质科学， 1997，1

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新