地质

On the basis of collecting systematically the materials of the physical prospecting, the geological drilling and the water pumping experiment of the mine, geological structure ,aqui- fers and other hydrogeological condition of the minefield have been detailedly researched. Finally, the conclusions that geological structure of the mine is ***, aquifers belong to the aquosity small rock layer, hydrogeological condition is ***, were drawn.

在系统收集该井田矿井物探、钻探和抽水试验资料的基础上，对井田内地质构造、各含水层等水文地质条件进行了具体研究，得出结论为矿区地质构造简单；含水层属于含水性弱或微弱的岩层；水文地质类型为中等。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

In order to explore the grain-size distribution characteristics and geo-genetic types of land desertification in Mo Us desert, the research on the grain-size characteristics of sediments since late Pleistocene has been carried out in the desert area and neighboring area such as inside desert, sand covered loess plateau, loess plateau and river valley. The research result shows that sediments of different geologic genetic types are the fundamental material source of sandy desertification in these areas and the distinguishing of different types of the sediments is the theoretical basis of classification of different geogenetic type of sandy desertification. The contribution of different geological roles on the land desertification and its significance to prevent and deal with the land desertification have also discussed.

为了研究毛乌素沙地沉积物的粒度特征与土地沙漠化的地质成因类型，通过系统研究沙地及相邻地区晚更新世以来在沙地内部、覆沙黄土区、黄土高原和河流谷地与湖泊等不同地质构造地貌条件下所形成的沉积物粒度特征，指出不同地质成因类型的沉积物是这些地区土地沙漠化的物质基础，区分不同类型的沉积物也是构成不同地质成因类型土地沙漠化分类的理论基础，探讨了不同地质作用对土地沙漠化的贡献及其对土地沙漠化防治方面的意义。

Second, it describes his contribution on geology: training large understanding talents;hardworking and setting himself an example to others when he was working in geological research institute and geological investigation institute, which setting up a exemplary person for Chinese geological scholar;his sincerely love to talents, his assigning magnanimously the Chinese, the foreigner, the old man and the younger to the post, making the geological investigable institute which he is in charge of becoming a famous science center in the world with in a short time;one of creators and founders in the Chinese modern geology and paleontology.

第二，论述了有关他在地质学方面的贡献：他为中国的地质事业培养了一大批优秀人才，在地质研究所和地质调查所工作时，不辞劳苦，以身作则，为中国地质学者树立了实地调查采集的工作模范；他真诚的爱护人才，热诚而大度的运用中、外、老、少各利人才，使他所负责的地质调查所在很短的时间之内成为一个世界知名的科学中心；他还是中国近代地质学和古生物学的开创人和奠基人之一。

Based on geoheritages in Chifeng, this paper analyzes their geological setting, and classifies them into nine types such as geological terrain type, paleontologic type and water type, etc. There are 41 representative geoheritages which have been ranked by their values.

在对赤峰地区地质遗迹资源调查分析的基础上，对其形成的区域地质背景进行了分析，并对地质遗迹资源进行了分类，将其主要划分为地质地貌类、古生物类、水体类等9大类，共计代表性地质遗迹点41个，并对其价值进行了等级划分。

The field survey, sampling, testing and collection of the geological and hydrogeological data were done for the description of evolutional geological structure and sedimentation and division and definition of water-bearing system and hydrogeological age and hydro-pressure system and study of the vadose field and chemical field. By establishing the rammer numerical model, the sandy mudstone thickness recovery model, water-rock interaction particle translative simulation and hydrogeochemical simulation, and using geological statistics, analogism and complex analysis method, water circulation and water exchange of each layer in each study stage have been researched, The results show the regularity of the vadose field evolution in different stages.

本项以野外调查、采样测试和搜集的地质、水文地质大量第一性资料为依据，在论述盆地的地质构造演化、沉积演化的基础上，以含水系统、水文地质期和水压系统类型的划分和定位为研究的切入点，渗流场、化学场为研究主线，通过建立压实数学模型、砂泥岩恢复厚度数学模型、水岩作用物质成分转移的实验模拟、水文地球化学模拟、地质统计法、类比法、综合分析法等方法，模拟计算了各研究层在各研究时期水循环特点和水交替强度，揭示了各研究层渗流场在地史进程中形成演化的规律性。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的&瓶子模型&，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了&缝洞单元&的概念，并制定了&缝洞单元&纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对&缝洞单元&进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Research methods: Based on the site geological survey information about water bursting of Cangling Tunnel, the concrete analyses are made for the scale, location, causes and geological conditions of water bursting and the explorations are made on the characteristics of composite of surrounding rock, geological structure, modern structural stress field and underwater from the view of geological engineering point in order to seek the regularity of water bursting and better treatment.

研究方法：根据发生突水事故的浙江苍岭隧道的现场地质观测资料，具体分析其形成的规模、位置、诱发因素以及地质条件，从地质工程的角度，对突水发生地段隧道的岩石组成、地质构造、现代构造应力场以及地下水等工程地质特征进行探讨，进而发现其规律和防治预测的特点。

According the self-similarity of the sand flat conformation of delta sand and the vertical frequency of the mud thin bed and combine some basic geologic material and interrelated literatures, bring the theory of holographic geology first time, think that geological bodies are generated not only the physical grain, but also the sedimentary of the geological information, local geological body can contain much or all information of the whole geological body which it belong to.

根据三角洲砂体平面分布和泥质薄层垂向发育的规律性尤其是其自相似性，从空间和时间两个方面进行了总结，同时结合相关地质资料和国内外有关文献，初步提出了&地质全息&理论，认为地质体不仅是物质颗粒的沉积，同时也是地质信息的沉积，局部地质体可以包含其所在整体的大部分甚至全部信息。

Regional assessment of geohazards such as rockfalls, landslides and debris flows have great significance for stipulating the regional geohazard prevention plan and guiding the rational development of resources and proper protection of the geological environment and also provides a basis for the geohazard risk assessment and risk management.

我国区域地质灾害评价的现状及问题。rar [附件大小：90.94kb，查看信息。。。] 摘要：滑坡等地质灾害的区域评价对制定区域地质灾害防治规划、指导国土资源的合理开发和地质环境的妥善保护具有重要意义，也是地质灾害风险评价与风险管理的基础。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。