地表的

Land surface temperature is an important parameter of energy balance of land surface and plays an important role in the interaction between land surface and atmosphere, and has important significance for energy balance on land surface, widely applied in many fields especially aerography, geology,hydrology,ecology and so on.

地表温度是地表能量平衡中的一个重要参数，它在地表与大气相互作用过程中起着重要的作用，对地表能量平衡的研究有着重要的意义，特别在气象、地质、水文、生态等众多领域有着广泛的应用需要。

The uncertainty of measurement for the determination of chloride content in water by silver nitrate titration method was evaluated.The influence of the factors on the uncertainty of measurement for the determination of chloride content were analyzed, including repeatability of measurement results, burette, the concentration of standard solution, etc.

氯化物进入地表水中有自然和人为两种因素，岩石风化可使自然界中的氯化物进入地表水中，同时工业及生活污水的排放和海水倒灌也会给地表水中引入大量的氯化物，地表水中氯化物含量的变化是监测排污和咸潮影响的重要指标。

For instance,(1) mountain terrain map: displaying the terrain and topography, is 3D emulation of earth's surface, is convenient for customer to look into the physiognomy, and check the data of input;(2) contradistinguish map of mine well: displaying opposite position relation of the earths surface and workface, user can analysis surface movement and distortion value at every positions of the workface with the map;(3) 3D prediction model: displaying workface, survey dots, survey lines, terrain, movement and distortion in a same map with 3D graphics, revealing the relations of every elements' position;(4) isoline graphics: displaying the value of height, subsidence, incline, movement and distortion with different colors, and giving the value of every color at the side of the map;(5) color cloud diagram: revealing every targets with colors, coloring every point in the map with the color corresponding the value of height, subsidence, incline, movement and distortion and form transitional color in color cloud diagram.

通过井上下对照图，用户可以分析工作面的各个位置的地表移动变形值；（3）三维的预计模型：采用3D形式同时显示工作面、测线、测点、地表地形、地表移动及变形，显示了各要素的空间相对关系；（4）等值线：对地表高程、下沉、倾斜、曲率变形、水平移动和水平变形等各个分量以等值线方式显示。

When local hypergene life prosperous, deposition relative many; Otherwise when the life is in the murky time, relative small; When deposits the many stratum participation internal heat circulation, the surface activity is relatively violent, has the possibility to mean surface Earth life a disaster time, when deposits the few stratum participation internal heat circulation, the surface activity is relatively stable, has the possibility to mean the life an epacme, this is the Earth life periodicity deconstruction and the newborn basic internal reason is at.

当地表生命繁盛时，沉积就相对较多；反之当生命处于低迷时期时，就相对较小；当沉积较多的地层参与内热循环时，地表活动相对猛烈，就有可能意味着地表地球生命的一个灾难期，当沉积较少的地层参与内热循环时，地表活动相对稳定，就有可能意味着生命的一个繁盛期，这就是地球生命周期性毁灭与新生的根本内部原因所在。

In order to control the surface crack damage of huge thick collapsible loess caused by mining effectively,the distribution rule of stress-strain in top interface of the base rock and the relation of which and the surface crack were obtained using the probability integral method.

为了有效地进行采动巨厚湿陷性黄土地表裂缝损害的控制和治理，在对西部几个矿区开采地表裂缝破坏调查的基础上，应用概率积分法计算基岩顶界面的应力应变分布规律，分析其与地表裂缝的关系，研究开采引起黄土层地表裂缝产生的机理。

Sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to evaluate probable Land Surface Temperature estimation error due to the possible errors in transmittance and emissivity.Results from the analysis indicate that the alg...

结果表明，当31、32两个波段的参数估计都有中等误差时，可能的地表温度误差对大气透过率和地表比辐射率都不敏感，所引起的地表温度误差大约为0.6~0.8℃，算法能够得到较高精度的地表温度反演结果。

On the basis of Earth surface space using reference ellipsoid as height basis, map space using Gauss-Kruger projection plane as height basis, a viewpoint is proposed that map projection actually establishes corresponding relationship between the height bases of two different spaces above. From the viewpoint of projection and visible representation, the relationships among earth surface space, RS imagery space and map space are analyzed; the differences among different representations of earth surface space are identified theoretically; virtual reality is applied to the representation of land surface space, and a prototype of real 3D virtual reality system based on spatial information is developed. By means of digital simulation, virtual reality representation of land surface space in visual image space is realized.

在以参考椭球面为高程基准面表征地表空间、以高斯-克吕格地图平面为高程基准面表征地图空间的思想基础上，提出了地图投影实质上是建立两个空间的高程基准面之间关系的观点；从投影和可视表达的角度，分析了地表空间、遥感图像空间、地图空间之间的关系，从理论上区分了对地表空间的不同表达方式之间存在的差别；将虚拟现实技术应用于地表空间的表达，研制了空间信息三维虚拟现实系统原型，利用数字模拟技术在视像空间实现了对地表空间的真三维虚拟现实表达。

The concentration of Cosmogenic nuclides is not only constrained by production rates and exposure time, and also closely related to surface erosion. Furthermore, the concentration is affected by geomagnetic intensity, shielding, chemical weathering, and sample geometry as well. These factors affecting Cosmogenic nuclide concentration should be calibrated when surface exposure age is calculated.

地表物质中宇宙成因核素浓度除了受到核素生成速率和地表物质的暴露时间制约外，还与地表侵蚀速率密切相关，此外，地磁场强度、遮蔽、化学风化及样品的几何位置等也会对核素浓度产生一定影响，在求算样品的地表暴露年代时，应对这些因素进行相应的校正。

2Combined with dense-constructed area of Shiqiaotou tunnel, a series of factors that lead to ground deformation and affect the stability of ground buildings are systematically analyzed.These factors include overbreak in shallow tunnel, reserved deformation and soil squeezing.By calculation and analysis of ground deformation of other sections,a division of settlement controling grade is made.

2以石桥头隧道地表变形重点控制地段为例，对浅埋隧道超挖、预留变形量、掌子面土体挤出等地层损失诱发的地表变形及其对地面建筑稳定性的影响进行了系统地计算和分析；通过地表变形的计算分析，对隧道不同地段的地表变形控制等级进行了划分。

The study purpose of surface structure is to develop corresponding depth-velocity model of surface structure, based on the variation of velocity and depth of surface and near surface uncemented sediments in seismic survey area, and using the static correction data from each observation point to delete the interference of the variation on adjacent channel.

表层结构研究的目的，是通过对地震勘探区内地表及近地表沉积物质速度和厚度的变化分析，建立相应的表层结构深度-速度模型，从而求取各观测点的静校正量，以消除地表及近地表速度和厚度变化对地震记录相邻道产生的静校时差。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。