地租的

Land takes on many important functions in citys progress. In substance, city land value is a result of the difference of land location, and produces different level incomes, So the difference of land location is a standard of ground rent and land-value.

在城市的发展中，城市土地起着多方面的重要作用，从本质来看，城市土地价格是土地区位条件优劣差异的结果，由此产生不同的级差收益，故区位的优劣差异是衡量地租、地价高低的标尺。

In Capital-Profit, or better Capital-Interest, Land-Rent, Labor-Wages of Labor, in this economic trinity expressing professedly the connection of value and of wealth in general with their sources, we have the complete mystification of the capitalist mode of production.

在资本-利润(或者，更好的形式是资本-利息)，土地-地租，劳动-工资中，在这个表示价值和一般财富的各个组成部分同财富的各个源泉的联系的经济三位一体中，资本主义生产方式的神秘化…这是一个着了魔的，颠倒的，倒立的着的世界。

In Capital-Profit, or better Capital-Interest, Land-Rent, Labor-Wages of Labor, in this economic trinity expressing professedly the connection of value and of wealth in general with their sources, we have the complete mystification of the capitalist mode of production.… It is an enchanted, perverted

在资本－利润（或者，更好的形式是资本－利息），土地－地租，劳动－工资中，在这个表示价值和一般财富的各个组成部分同财富的各个源泉的联系的经济三位一体中，资本主义生产方式的神秘化…这是一个着了魔的、颠倒的、倒立的着的世界。

The requirements of Medieval England tenants' resistances concerned about the status of tenants, rents, tallage and so on, all those related to tenants' self rights. In this sense, the history of tenants' resistance was a history of the development of tenants' rights.

中世纪英格兰佃农抗争的要求涉及佃农的身份、地租捐税等方面，这都关系到佃农的自身权利，因此，一定意义上讲，佃农抗争的历史就是佃农权利成长的历史。

There are four characters that can be found in this process. Firstly, it is a struggle within the political system. In other words, tenants admit the hierarchical rights of ruling class, but reject excess exploit. Secondly, the resistance has various ways, and law is a frequent resort too. Thirdly, collective resistance comes to be the most common form, wealthy peasants always act as organizers and leaders. Fourthly, tenants' resistance processes exhibits obvious different theme of demands in all phrases. Before mid and latter of 14 century, most requirements aim to reject duty beyond custom; while after, mainly to strive for cutting down the rents and tallage.

再次，文章分析了英格兰佃农抗争的四个特点，一是体制内的抗争，即佃农接受统治阶级的等级权利，反抗过度剥削；二是抗争方式多法并举，以法律手段为主；三是集体抗争逐渐成为抗争的主要组织形式，富裕佃农是抗争活动的组织者和领导者；四是抗争历程有着鲜明的时代主题，即以14世纪中后期为界，之前以抵抗领主超出惯例规定的要求为主，之后以争取减免地租捐税为主。

The ethnic place was formed through the spatial dynamics of "territorialization" which includes cross-bordering and border-making of different scales. Firstly there were the transnational flows of Vietnamese contract workers, marriage immigrants, and oversea Chinese that transplanted on the Taiwanese society. At the regional level, the interstice resulted from the decline of traditional retailing market, unfavorable location, rent gap, and the stigma of low-income housing was confronted by the change of population composition and life style induced by middle-class housing development, leading towards exclusion and remaking of borders that ended the interstice, and it is a middle class "territorialization" driven by the appeal of safety and "de-stigmatization".

族裔化地方在「疆域化」的空间动态中形成，涉及不同尺度的跨界和划界行动：越南移工和婚姻移民的跨国流动，以及早期越南华侨的跨界流移和在地著根；地区尺度上，传统零售市场的萧条、区位条件和地租差、平价住宅区污名形象共同构成的「缝隙」，面对中产阶级房地产开发导致人口结构和生活形态改变，引致了排斥和重新划界的压力：一场以「去污名」和消除恐惧地景为诉求的阶级疆域化，终究消灭了这个「缝隙」。

Now our system of real estate rent, tax and fees has many problems. On the one hand, the shortage of the rent makes tax not serious and standard and abets the tendency of collecting unconscionable fees; on the other hand, it leads taxpayer to have the excess burden of taxation. The situation which makes tax unfair, decreases tax base and narrows tax revenue, limits the government's macro-management.

目前我国房地产租税费相互错位，一方面地租不到位，使税收失去了严肃性和规范性，滋长了乱收费的不良风气；另一方面，这种情况也导致纳税人负担过重和税负不均，加之产权关系模糊，结果是未达到平均税负、促进公平的目的，反而造成了税基的缩小和税款的流失，使税收的产业调控功能受到很大限制。

But the aristocrats, pallid though they were by Philippine standards, were less Edwardian buffers than mestizos of Spanish-indigenous or Spanish-Chinese blood, whose landholdings and feudal attitudes were reminiscent of nowhere so much as time-warped Pakistan.

这些菲律宾贵族的血统，往往溷合了西班牙和原住民、或西班牙和华人的渊源，肤色比一般菲律宾平民的深棕色更浅，而且坐拥田产地租，思想封建守旧，在菲律宾扮演的社会角色，很难比得上二十世纪初年英国爱德华时代的贵族，谈不上是推动国家进步的中坚分子，而比较类似于时空错置的巴基斯坦贵族，作风落后蒙昧、百般阻碍社会进步。

1 If the Borrower shall on demand as aforesaid pay to the Lender in full the secured sum together with interest thereon at the rate and in manner aforesaid and if there shall be no breach of any covenants, terms, agreements and conditions herein contained on the part of the Borrower to be observed and performed then and in such event the Lender shall at the request and cost of the Borrower upon production to the Lender of all receipts of management fees, rates, Crown rent and property tax chargeable on the Property or other payments which the Borrower may be liable to pay hereunder during the subsistence of this Legal Charge/Mortgage execute a receipt or otherwise discharge the security hereby constituted as required by the Borrower.

6.1 若借款人如上文所述，在贷款人要求下将有抵押款项连同依上述利率及方式计算的利息，全数付予贷款人，且并无违反本契据所载须由借款人遵守及履行的任何契诺、条款、协议及条件，则在借款人向贷款人出示下述各项的收据后，贷款人须应借款人请求并在借款人承担费用的情况下，签立收据或以其他方式解除本契据构成的抵押：就物业可收取的管理费、差饷、地租及物业税或借款人在本法律押记／按揭存续期间可能须付的其他款项。

In the wake of imperialist commercial aggression, Chinese merchant-capitalist extortions, heavier government taxation, etc., comes the deepening of the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasantry, that is, exploitation through rent and usury is aggravated and the hatred of the peasants for the landlords grows.

伴随着帝国主义的商品侵略、中国商业资本的剥蚀和政府的赋税加重等项情况，便使地主阶级和农民的矛盾更加深刻化，即地租和高利贷的剥削更加重了，农民则更加仇恨地主。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。