地理的

Yiyang city, the project relies on basic geographic information and data, integrating processing, extraction transportation, water systems, residential areas, as part of state and other government applications, and the community with the closely related elements of the contents of the expansion of geographical names / address data, information technology-oriented requirements and the various departments needs arising from restructuring, development of network-based geographic information system, public services, the formation of Yiyang City unique, authoritative, universal coverage of the city's domain, multi-scale seamless integration of geographic information common platform.

项目依托益阳市基础地理信息数据，整合加工，提取交通、水系、居民地、境界等一部分与政务应用和社会应用紧密相关的要素内容，扩充地名/地址数据，进行面向信息化要求和各部门需求的数据重组，开发网络化的地理信息公共服务系统，形成益阳市唯一的、权威的、通用的覆盖全市域、多尺度无缝集成的地理信息公共平台。

Today, a lot of application systems combine with GIS, such as diagnosis Expert System including the diagnosis the varies aspects of society, economy, and agriculture; forecast Expert System including the forecast of weather, hydrometeorology, population, geography, economy, military affairs, politics, etc; Decision Supporting System including the aspect of engineering design, programming, consultation, management etc.

现在许多应用系统所涉及到的问题都与地理信息有关，例如：诊断专家系统中的社会、农业、经济等方面的各种诊断和排错系统；预测专家系统中的气象、水文、人口、地理、经济、军事以及政治等方面的预测分析系统；工程设计、规划、咨询和管理决策等方面的专家系统，都离不开地理信息的支持。

ABSTRACT: The UAV navigation system's performance is improved through embedding the geography information model that can process the vector map data in the system by using MapX, In this paper, how to navigate and plan the UAV flight course in the vector map is investigated. The basic control and operation for vector map in the geography information system is introduced, and the flight course is designed and modified in the map. In addition, 2D vector map can't orient UAV in 3D space, so the altitude model is added in the UAV navigation system to realize 3D orientation by integrating 2D vector map with altitude plot. The simulation results in the UAV simulation system indicate that the navigation system can monitor and control UAV efficiently and intuitionally.

使用MapX在无人机导航系统中添加能够处理矢量地图数据的地理信息模块，可以显著地提升系统的性能；文章对如何在矢量地图下进行无人机导航与任务规划进行了研究，完成对地理信息系统中矢量地图的基本控制和操作，并在地理信息图上进行航线的设定与修改；另外，针对二维矢量地图无法对无人机进行三维空间定位的问题，文章通过在无人机导航系统中添加高度位置显示模块，用二维平面地图与高度图相结合的方式来实现对无人机位置的三维定位；通过在无人机仿真实验系统中的使用，证明了该系统能高效、直观地对无人机飞行进行监视与控制。

The 54 accessions were classified into five major groups:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ by cluster analysis using UPGMA, which showed significant relationship with the origin regions of accessions. Genetic differentiation between and within eight eco-geographical groups of C.dactylon was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which showed that 63.81% genetic variance existed within group, and 36.19 % genetic variance was among groups, indicating rather large genetic distances among those germplasm, and there was a correlation between genetic differentiation and eco-geographical habits among the groups.

聚类分析结果表明，52份材料可聚为5类；基于Shannon多样性指数估算了8个狗牙根生态地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，类群内的遗传变异占总变异的63.81%，类群间的遗传变异占总变异的36.19%，表明这些抗源材料遗传差异较大，各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。

The characteristics of geospatial metadata is discussed,the object hypostases of geospatial metadata is anatomized,and object model of geospatial metadata is constructed.

论述了地理空间信息元数据中的对象的特质，构建了地理空间信息元数据对象模型，提出了结合面向对象中的对象操作和面向对象软件工程的地理空间信息元数据标准的研制方法。

The result of geography education experiments of the first grade of high school in the first semester indicts that the students of experimental group who elect the school curriculum enhance more than contrast group in aspect of geospatial literacy, especially in aspect of geospatial reasoning.

高一年级半学期的地理教学实验的结果显示，选修校本课的实验组学生的地理空间素养较对比组也有提高，尤其在地理空间推理部分，显示了较大的提升。

He is a founding member of the International Society of Digital Earth, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Editorial Board for the International Journal for Digital Earth.

Foresman教授曾在马里兰大学担任地理与工程学教授，同时接手美国太空总署、美国环保署、美国国防部的赞助计画，曾於内华达州拉斯维加斯的克拉克郡担任地理资讯系统的专案经理工作，他担任私人、州政府服务、联邦政府、大学和国际服务顾问的实际工作经验超过30年，参与的讲座以及专题演讲至少200场以上，内容与「历史地理资讯系统」相关书籍论文等专业出版品即超过80篇以上。

Endemic Describing a population or species that is restricted geographically. Some endemics have evolved in geographical isolation on islands or mountain tops; others may be relics of once widespread species that have become restricted owing to climate change, geological change, or human activity.

特有种：用来描述一个地理上限定的种群或种，一些特有种与岛屿或山顶这种地理上的孤立有关；还有一些可能是曾经广为分布的某一个种由于气候变化、地理变化或人类活动的影响而遗留下来的。

Based on the report issued by China National Petroleum Corporation and Bureau of Geophysical Propecting dated August 2007 in relation to the estimate resource potential in Tartagal block, by reviewing geologic setting and characteristics in Argentina; geologic setting of basin where the Tartagal block is located; geologic setting and evaluation of Tartagal block; the results of previous drillings, the estimated reserve of oil resource is approximately 0.81 billion tons, dissolved gas resource reserve is approximately 277.2 BCF and gas reserve is approximately 317.5 BCF.

根据CNPC与BGP所发出日期为二零零七年八月之关於Tartagal区块估计潜在资源报告所示，经审核阿根廷的地理背景及特徵； Tartagal区块所在盆地的地理背景； Tartagal区块的地理背景及评估；以往钻井的产量，估计石油储量约810，000，000吨，已探明的天然气储量约277.2亿立方英尺及天然气储备约317.5亿立方英尺。

VRGIS is a virtual reality technology, which can researches geosciences or takes geoscientific system as object, as well as is a rising research branch of GIS recently.

虚拟现实地理信息系统(Virtual Reality Geographic Information System，简称VRGIS)是虚拟现实与地理信息系统相结合的技术，是一种用于研究地球科学的，或以地球科学系统为对象的虚拟现实技术，也是近年来一个新兴的地理信息系统的研究分支。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。