地理学的

In anatomy he studied the circulation of the blood and the action of the eye. He made discoveries in meteorology and geology, learned the effect of the moon on the tides, foreshadowed modern conceptions of continent formation, and surmised the nature of fossil shells. His scheme for the canalization of rivers still has practical value and he probably devised the hydrometer.

解剖学方面，他对血液循环和眼有着较深入的研究；气象学和地理学方面，它也表现出了卓越的才华：他认为海洋的潮汐形成与月球的运动密切相关；他提出的陆地形成观念与现代理论颇为相似；他还还对化石的形成和成分进行了有根据的猜测；他设计并亲自主持修建的运河灌溉工程时至今日仍然有实际的应用价值，而在此过程中他可能设计出了液体比重计的雏形。

Richard Pillsbury, a geography professor at Georgia State University, describes traditional life in the lowland South, a region stretching from northern Virginia down to the Gulf coast of Texas:"Smallish hardscrabble farms almost lost in the white heat of a sweltering summer sun as the owners and their help fought swarms of mosquitoes to plant, cultivate and harvest the meagre cotton crop for market."

乔治亚大学地理学教授Richard Pillsbury认为，传统的南部低地生活区，应该指的是在从弗吉尼亚北部一直向南延伸到到德克萨斯的港湾附近。"炎热的气候无情的摧残者贫瘠的小农场，农场主和雇工忍受着黑压压的蚊子的困扰，辛勤劳作，为市场提供微薄的收成。"

Modern approach methods of geography, ecology, quantitative analysis, expert integration, remote sensing image analysis and geographical information system were combined to reveal the matters in this paper. The eco-geographical background of the research area and the research work studied by other scholars were comprehensively expatiated. The temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and soil moisture, vegetation and soil distribution, and land use/land cover were compared as well. On the basis of foregoing analysis, the eco-geographical differentiation was discussed. According to principles and indicators, with extension engineering method and integrated analysis, the physical geography boundary between subhumid and semiarid areas were demarcated. By using remote sensing image analysis, wavelet analysis of the perennial precipitation and temperature, and the comparison of temporal and spatial variation of the desertification, this paper accounted for the regional response to global environmental change and suggested the dominant environmental problems.

本文采用了地理学与生态学相结合、定量分析与专家集成相结合、遥感图像解译和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对研究区的生态地理背景和已有研究工作进展情况给予了全面的分析和阐述；通过对区域水分条件（大气降水、土壤水分条件）、植被、土壤、土地利用／土地覆被状况等环境要素的时间与空间特征的对比分析，探讨了研究区内部生态地理特征的差异；在一定的原则指导下，通过建立指标体系，以可拓工程方法和模型为支撑，经过综合分析确定了研究区内半湿润、半干旱区界线划分方案；通过遥感图像解译、典型站点多年降水与温度的小波分析、土地沙漠化时空变化的对比分析等，说明了研究区域对全球变化的响应；表明了该区域所面临的主要环境问题。

ABSTRACT This dissertation, based on the theories of geography, ecology, economics, sociology and environmental sciences, has analyzed the impact of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry on the mechanism of desertification in Kerqin Sandy Region, of which behavior mechanism of local people was emphasized. The changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy in semi-arid regions was discussed after having explored the primary reasons of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering. Followings are the main research works having been done.

本文选取科尔沁沙地作为研究区域，以两种最主要的土地利用方式、也是两种最主要的生产方式——农、牧业作为研究对象，依据地理学、生态学、经济学、社会学与环境科学的基本理论与方法，基于现有研究资料的系统整合，结合野外调查的结果，从更加综合的角度，来研究农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的影响机理，从农、牧业选择变化的角度来揭示&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，进而寻求中国北方半干旱地区生态环境综合整治的对策。

Based on the development of natural biopharmaceuticals and nutriceuticals, the advances in research and development of the resource plant Phyllanthus emblica L., widely distributed in many provinces of South China, are summarized, including its biological, phytogeographical, traditional herbal medicinal, pharmacological and phytochemical studies.

从开发天然功能保健食品的角度，总结了分布于我国南方各省的资源植物余甘子(滇橄榄，Phyllanthus emblica)的生物学、植物地理学、传统草药学、药理学、植物化学等的研究与开发进展，包括作者实验室近年开展的有关余甘子果汁澄清和果酒&去沉淀&的微生物酶法加工技术部分内容，以及引人关注的余甘子果植物多酚提取物及其在美白护肤品新用途的开发，讨论了金沙江干热河谷地域余甘子农业栽培的可行性。

But now, if I be marching on with my utmost vigour in that way which, according to the sacred geography, leads straight to Jerusalem, why am I beaten and ill-used by others because, perhaps, I wear not buskins; because my hair is not of the right cut; because, perhaps, I have not been dipped in the right fashion; because I eat flesh upon the road, or some other food which agrees with my stomach; because I avoid certain by-ways, which seem unto me to lead into briars or precipices; because, amongst the several paths that are in the same road, I choose that to walk in which seems to be the straightest and cleanest; because I avoid to keep company with some travellers that are less grave and others that are more sour than they ought to be; or, in fine, because I follow a guide that either is, or is not, clothed in white, or crowned with a mitre?

但是现在，如果我正依据那个引导人到耶路撒冷的神圣地理学劲头十足的开始我的长途跋涉，为什么要被他人暴力虐待和折磨？可能因为：我没有穿高统靴；或者我的头发未按某种样式修剪；或者我未按某种方式受洗；或者在路上我吃了肉或其它很对我胃口的食物；或者我绕开了一段在我看来要导向荆棘或悬崖的路；或者在几条通向目的地的路中我选了一条在我看来最近最好走的路；或者我避免与不怎么严肃的人以及过于酸腐的人为伴；或者，最后，因为我跟随了一个穿或未穿白衣，戴或未戴主教头冠的人。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。