地理学的

Based on dialect theories from "the general linguistics course" by Saussure, the "language" by Bloomfield and the "language" by Sapir, we make an comparative study from six aspects: difference between dialect and language; partition of dialect; divergence of language; spread of dialect; complexity of the dialect; dialect, geography.

文章就索绪尔《普通语言学教程》、布龙菲尔德《语言论》、萨丕尔《语言论》三部语言学名著中的方言理论从六个方面进行了比较研究：方言与语言的区别；方言的分区问题；语言差异问题；方言的传播；方言的复杂性；方言地理学问题。

The ecological service value theory is the researching focus of Ecology and Geography today. Using the ecological service value theory to evaluate the forest in Khotan drainage area is the center of my paper; in the meantime, it is also the creative point.

生态系统服务价值理论是目前生态学、地理学等环境科学研究的热点问题，将生态服务价值理论应用于深居内陆腹地，气候干旱的和田河流域，计算其天然森林生态系统的服务价值的评估，是本论文研究的中心，也是创新点所在。

This paper explores Nicholas Spykman's geographic strategic concept and its significance in the present time.The author holds that Spykman's theory is completely different from that of Mackinder's in that Spykman places more stress on the strategic position of rimland,and in his selectiveness as to which regions he accords importance when emphasizing "rimland".

在20世纪西方战略思想史上，著名美籍荷兰裔国际政治学家尼古拉斯·斯皮克曼是非常突出的一位，他的两部名著《世界政治中的美国战略》与《和平地理学》，不仅是西方地理政治思想史上的重要著作，而且对战后美国对外大战略的形成也产生了深远影响。

Resolving the higher-level relationships among ostariophysan and related fishes will aid in resolving basal teleostean divergence and provide basis to historical biogeographic analysis of major freshwater fish groups.

解决骨鳔鱼类及其相关类群的高阶系统发育关系有助于解决基部真骨鱼的分化，而且为主要的淡水类群——世界性分布的耳鳔系鱼类的历史生物地理学分析奠定基础。

Software and results were saved in EXCEL for consequent statistic operation and obtaining chromosome patterns. 4 indexes were chose, such as chromosome karyotype, C-band pattern, chromosome behavior and B chromosome for comparative analyses, and adopted SPSS to reconstruct dendrogram. Combined with studies on insect morphology and insect geography, we made a detailed analysis and speculation on the relationship of taxa concerned. Finally we got the conclusions as follows: 1. The number of chromosomes in grasshoppers of Oedipodiae is 2n 〓=23=22+XO. All chromosomes are telocentric chromosomes. Most of the genome formulas are 3L+6M+2S+X and 3

论文选取染色体核型、C-带带型、染色体行为和B染色体这4个方面的指标进行比较分析，运用SPSS系统分析软件建立表达各属和各种之间亲缘关系的系统树，并结合昆虫形态学和昆虫地理学等方面的研究成果，对其亲缘关系进行了比较详细的分析和推测，得出以下结论：一、斑翅蝗科蝗虫的染色体数目都稳定在2n〓=23条，性别决定机制是XO型，染色体均为端部着丝粒，染色体组式以3L+6M+2S+X和3L+7M+1S+X这两种类型为主，即3对大型染色体，6～7对中型染色体和2～3对小型染色体，X染色体以中型为主，在染色体组中主要排列为4～7位。

In his April 1998 story,"Testing the Waters of Rongelap," Kristof examined marine life, including these longfin bannerfish, in the nuclear weapons-contaminated waters surrounding the Marshall Islands.

一位名叫的人，曾经协助国家地理学制定了海图，在深海洋拍照开始这一实践，1963年他刊登在国家地理杂志。1998年4月他的实验报告题目：&测试核污染检查海洋的生态变化及海洋生物的生活状况，在马绍尔群岛一带的影响&。

In his April 1998 story,"Testing the Waters of Rongelap," Kristof examined marine life, including these longfin bannerfish, in the nuclear weapons-contaminated waters surrounding the Marshall Islands. Photograph by Emory Kristof

一位名叫的人，曾经协助国家地理学制定了海图，在深海洋拍照开始这一实践，1963年他刊登在国家地理杂志。1998年4月他的实验报告题目：&测试爱YY爱生活检查海洋的生态变化及海洋生物的生活状况，在马绍尔群岛一带的影响&。

In his April 1998 story,"Testing the Waters of Rongelap," Kristof examined marine life, including these longfin bannerfish, in the nuclear weapons-contaminated waters surrounding the Marshall Islands. Photograph by Emory Kristof

一位名叫的人，曾经协助国家地理学制定了海图，在深海洋拍照开始这一实践，1963年他刊登在国家地理杂志。1998年4月他的实验报告题目：&测试核污染检查海洋的生态变化及海洋生物的生活状况，在马绍尔群岛一带的影响&。

In his April 1998 story,"Testing the Waters of Rongelap," Kristof examined marine life, including these longfin bannerfish, in the nuclear weapons-contaminated waters surrounding the Marshall Islands. hotograph by Emory Kristof

一位名叫的人，曾经协助国家地理学制定了海图，在深海洋拍照开始这一实践，1963年他刊登在国家地理杂志。1998年4月他的实验报告题目：&测试核污染检查海洋的生态变化及海洋生物的生活状况，在马绍尔群岛一带的影响&。

The main results are listed as following: 1. Phylogeographic study on Croomia The relationships and distribution of cpDNA haplotypes suggested that Croomia had been widely distributed in ancient eastern Asian and northern American; the origin and distribution center of Croomia were concentrated on the mountains comprised Mt.

Croomia亲缘地理学根据叶绿体DNA(trnL-F、atpB-rbcL)单倍型的关系和分布推测，Croomia在古欧亚大陆和古北美大陆有着较广泛的分布；我国的黄山和天目山一带是Croomia的分布、起源中心，其散布路线是从中国大陆到日本，再到美洲古大陆；北美种群与东亚种群分离较早；东亚种的分化时间比较晚。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。