地理

The third chapter is the actualization of aesthetic education in geography teaching, together with its principle and strategy.

第四章为地理教学中实施审美教育对地理教师的要求。

The system can be used alone or be integrated into other GIS systems to enhance their map projection function. map projection ; map projective transformation ; analytical ordinal transformation ; analytical athwart transformation

在GIS应用系统中往往需要管理多种不同地图的地理数据，这些不同投影的数据在进行地理空间分析或信息复合时需要坐标同化，需要将不同投影的坐标统一到同一个坐标空间中，随着G

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

The results show Hainan Anguilla marmorata has high genetic distance to others.

结果显示：日本产和夏威夷产花鳗的地理差异小于海南产花鳗与它们之间的地理差异。

This part focus on morbid population of Lin Xiang Kingdom where is characterized by waterways net, high temperature and aquosity in Sun-Wu period. The research based on the latest excavated Changsha Zou Ma Lou Wu Jian(the Bambooslips Digging from Zoumalou, Zou Ma Lou Wood/Bamboo Scripts of Wu Kingdom at Changsha City today). The maladies appeared under such condition had a close connection with lepra, schistosomiasis which were also produced under such peculiar geographical environment. At the same time, the short of iodine element was part of the cause of some maladies, such as deafness, blindness and so on.

三地理环境与孙吴时期临湘侯国的疾病人口问题：拙文是以新近出土的长沙走马楼吴简所提供的史料为基础、以孙吴时期地处河网交叉、高温高湿环境下的临湘侯国的疾病人口问题为研究对象的；拙文认为：孙吴时期临湘侯国在高温高湿条件下所出现的疾病类型，与特殊地理环境中所出现的血吸虫病、麻风病有着密切的关系；同时，由于环境中碘元素的缺乏，也造成了聋耳、盲目等疾病的发生。

Article 12 Article 16 of the Trademark Law shall be applicable to the circumstance of using a geographical mark in the ownership of other registrant as the collective mark or certification mark of wine, or ardent spirits, of which the place of origin is not the region indicated by the geographic mark, even if the actual place of origin is indicated as well, or it uses translated words, or it is accompanied by words of "kind","type","pattern", or "category" and other descriptions.

第十二条使用他人作为集体商标、证明商标注册的葡萄酒、烈性酒地理标志标示并非来源于该地理标志所标示地区的葡萄酒、烈性酒，即使同时标出了商品的真正来源地，或者使用的是翻译文字，或者伴有诸如某某"种"、某某"型"、某某"式"、某某"类"等表述的，适用商标法第十六条的规定。

In the paper, the researches and conclusions are:The basic theory and technique ofgeography information system, Introduce the history of the GIS technique developmentand it develops the trend, the GIS modernizes the meaning of the construction and thepurpose and the meaning of the topic researches to the our army artillery.The design ofartillerist numeric map, Make use of the soft strong graphics function of the SuperMapgeography information system, from how made the numerical map of artillery tocommence, carried on the processing and processed the piece to the artilleryappropriative paper quality diagram to manufacture the numerical map of artillery.Themold of choosing the position of artillerist and excavating the position of spacedata;Rules of space clustering analyzing and space relationship on the basis ofmathematics configuration;Choosing the path of positing convert;optimalpath arithmetic on the basis of chart theory and realize optimal path analyze.

论文研究内容有：地理信息系统的基本理论与技术，介绍GIS技术发展的历史及其发展趋势，GIS对我军炮兵现代化建设的意义和课题研究的目的及意义；炮兵地图数字化设计与制作，利用SuperMap地理信息系统软强大的制图功能，从如何制炮兵数字地图入手，对炮兵专用的纸质地图进行处理和加工件来制作炮兵数字地图；炮兵阵地选取分析模型、阵地空间数据挖掘模型的建立和挖掘过程，基于数学形态学的空间聚类分析法、空间关联规则法的挖掘模型；阵地转移的路径选择，对炮兵阵地转移路径进行分析，基于图论中的Dijkstra最优路径算法，实现转移最佳路径分析。

Therefore how to manage and utilize the city spatial data availably is the key issue in city information service.

本文在分析城市空间形态的基础上，主要研究地理网格及其在城市信息服务中的应用，采用地理网格划分思想以及编码技术来组织和管理城市空间信息。

There was no notable difference in avifaunal zoogeographical pattern of China before and after 30 years by cluster analysis. The accordance of present analysis and zoogeographical region division in Cheng(1976), Zhang(1991), and Cheng(1997)'s reflected long term stability in evolution of avifauna.

鸟类区系的动物地理分布格局聚类分析结果，在30年前后没有明显差异，和郑作新（1976），张荣祖（1991）以及郑作新等（1997）的动物地理区划结果一致，反映了鸟类区系演化的长期稳定性。

It accounts for more than 64% of species recorded in China. The study was the most comlplete , systematic work about birds in Yunnan and recorded the most species of birds in Yunnan at present. The recources status and geographical distribution of birds in Yunnan were deeply studied, and the characters and evolution tendency of avifauna in Yunan, geographical division of birds in Yunnan were discussed.

本项目通过系统的分类和区系研究工作，共描记云南鸟类848种(1074种和亚种)，占中国记录鸟类种数的64％以上，是目前记录云南鸟类物种最多、最全面和最系统的工作；并在深入研究云南鸟类资源状况和地理分布的基础上，探讨了云南鸟类的区系特征及其演化趋势、三级地理区划。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。