地物图

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

There are some conclusions as follows:(1) Depending on the difference of spectral characteristics, constructive species of different grassland types can be extracted step by step by means of the relationship between bands and spectrographic diagrams.

研究得出主要结论如下：（1）根据地物光谱反射特征的差异，运用谱间关系法、光谱叠合图法等方法对不同草地类型的建群种进行逐步分层分类是可行的。

The paper is trying to integrate the technique of digital photogrammetry in feature extraction and the theory of intelligent image processing in computer vision, and puts forward and realizes a set of methodizes and algorithm that are valuable for practical production of mapping from space images..

从半自动的提取的人机协同策略到完全自动的道路网解译、从二维信息的提取到直接提取目标的三维模型，本文力图将数字摄影测量对特征提取、精确定位等方面的成果，与计算机视觉领域对图象进行智能解译的理论结合起来，在线状地物与房屋的自动提取方面，在理论与实践上提出并实现了一系列有实际应用价值的方法和算法。

Based on the reflection spectral characteristic of the land surface feature in Duolun area, by using multispectral satellite image data and adopting image processing of false color composite and ratio false color composite, with support of Geographic Information System, the space disbribution of the land desertification is interpreted and measured in this paper.

在内蒙古多伦县土地沙化现状的调查中，利用多波段卫星图象数据，根据多伦地区各类地物的波谱特征，采用了假彩色合成及比值假彩色合成等遥感图象处理方法，在地理信息系统技术的支持下，对多伦地区沙化土地的空间分布和面积进行了详细的解译和测算。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。