地物图

In order to reduce the error of a remote sensing area sentencing in two-stage survey of investigations, this article used the Bo'ai County state-owned tree farm partial remote sensing TM satellite picture and the correlation data establishes the visual solution to symbolize that, according to the solution which established translates the symbol to the place thing to carry on the remote sensing to interpret,cancelled in the room draws each place kind of boundary, extracted on the chart with the polyester membrane the area, may calculate according to the proportion interprets the area ,figured out interprets the area, simultaneously in order to enhance interprets the precision to obtain a more real reliable material, investigated 90 bottom classes in kindergarten's area from the location, and interpreted to these 90 bottom classes in kindergarten on the chart obtains the corresponding area,simultaneously established the linear model.

为了减少二类调查中遥感地类面积判读误差，本文利用博爱县国有林场部分遥感TM卫星图片和相关资料建立了目视解标志，根据所建立的解译标志对地物进行遥感判读，在室内勾绘出各地类边界，用聚酯膜求出图上面积，根据比例计算出判读面积，同时为了提高判读精度得出更加真实可靠的资料，从现地中调查了90个小班的面积，并对这90个小班在图上判读得出相应的面积，同时建立线性模型。

This article detailedly expatiated upon the principles, contents and methods of cropland classification; it analyzed the necessity to combine the work of cropland classification with GIS technology, summarized the attributions of ARC/INFOand some other related softwares; it established the technologic route of cropland classification supported by GIS, by a case study in Liwu Town,Li County Hebei Province, this article expatiated the practicable mechanism of combining the function of ARC/INFO with the work of cropland classification, and put forward some new ideas and approaches of utilizing GIS: this paper put forward the idea of coding the polygons in the basic graphic database such as soil map and land use map according to their attributes, and put forward the detailed coding project; based on the code databases, it expatiated upon the detailed approaches to create single梖actor map and output the final classification map; it put forward the principles and the method of creating classification units in the environment of GIS, that is how to keep the lines of soil polygon, the border of districts and the important objects such as residential areas, banks of rivers and roads ,and how to overlap single梖actor soil map and land use map, and to delete some vector lines of the overlapped map appropriately; it detailed the methods of creating mathematic model of classification coefficients in the environment of computer, and used FOXPRO6.0 programs to realize the automation of calculating coefficients; it represented the method of plotting the final map by overlapping various coverages according to the code tables and lookup tables, the process of outputting the cropland classifying map was finished by program.

本文法对耕地等别划分的原则、内容及方法作了较详细的阐述，介绍了多系数综合修正法的耕地等别计算方法及其具体应用和AHP的确权方法；分析了耕地等别划分工作与地理信息系统技术相结合的必要性，简要介绍了地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO及其他相关软件的功能特点，制定了地理信息系统支持下耕地等别划分的技术路线，通过对河北省蠡县蠡吾镇的实证研究，重点阐述了ARC／INFO及相关数据库软件与耕地等别划分结合的有效机制及GIS应用的一些新思想、新方法：提山了对土壤图和土地利用现状图等基础图形数据库进行特征编码的思想和具体的编码方案，阐述了基于与图形库相链接的特征编码表，单因素图提取、成果图的输出的具体实现方法；提出了GIS环境下耕地单元划分的原则和方法，即在保留土壤因素图斑界线、行政界线和重要地物等的原则下，将土壤单因素图和土地利用现状图进行拓扑叠加，对叠加图中的矢量线进行适当的删除；阐述了在计算机环境下，耕地分等参数计算模型建立的方法，并用FOXPRO6.0语言程序实现了参数计算的自动化；阐述了根据图形库特征编码表和建立绘图符号查找表，按不同图层叠加绘制成果图的方法，该过程用命令程序实现耕地等别图的输出。

This article focuses on the line-line, line-region and region-region topological relations algorithm, which come down to the same question: whether there are intersections between line and line. The sweep-line algorithm was studied by many people, but has some deficiencies to be improved, in order to handle some special cases and increase program efficiency. My works as follows: rectangular envelope to reduce executive times , vector cross multiplication to determine intersection between line and line, coordinates and slope method to deal with some special cases. C program examples are showed together.(5) Finally, to prove capability and efficiency of the model and calculation method, some test systems are developed. For example, complex spatial topological relation query, parcels' exact area with the area of linear object reduced in land use, quality inspection to cadastral data according to topological rule, spatio-temporal change query of cadastral data.

将线线、线面、面面之间的拓扑关系实现的算法归结为线与线之间求交的基本问题；为处理一些特殊的拓扑关系情况，提高扫描线算法的效率，探讨了包络矩形粗滤、判断线线是否相交的矢量叉乘法、线节点重合或共线的斜率坐标判断法等改进方法；同时还设计了一种新的节点微小圆求交的算法，可应用于图斑与线状地物细分拓扑关系及地类面积的计算；（5）本文设计了实验系统，包括复杂对象的拓扑关系表达与计算程序、图斑地类面积的计算程序、基于空间拓扑关系规则的地籍数据库质量检查功能，以及时空拓扑关系和变化语义分析等原型，验证了拓扑关系表达模型和计算方法的可行性和实用性。

Expansivity, contraction, rebirth and vanishment events for management of land use data. And it further designed an object-superposition data updating model based on the land use feature of point, line and polygon,which would take the advantage of the GIS overlay function to effectly implement of updating spatial and attribute data .

从面向对象的方法入手，定义了引起土地利用变化的扩展、收缩、新生与消亡四种地理事件，并分别按点状地物、线状地物和面状图斑的土地利用实体特征设计了对象叠加更新模型，从而能利用GIS强大的空间分析能力，来有效地实现空间数据和属性数据的一致性更新。

The length of boundary and the area of the field is calculatedAthe objects in field Can be marked by point, line, label and the geographical feature in field can be added, deleted, found, modified and so on.

其主要内容包括：1、GPS与GIS有机地融合；2、地图的放大、缩小、移动等的GIS功能；3、地块的周长和面积计算；4、田间地物的标注；5、空间数据的采集、数据分析、现场成图、栅格采样、平行导航等功能。

This paper analyzes the actuality of digital mapping and the hold function of the software of digital mapping at first.

本文首先分析了数字化成图的发展现状，对数字化成图软件所需的功能做了分析，然后按国家标准进行地物编码。

Based on ETM(superscript +) remote sensing data of American Landsat-7, PCI V7.0 software was applied to process series of remote sensing data, including band ratio 4/3 and principal components 1, 3, 4, 5 hands. These objects classification information was extracted and the land use situations in Kunming were studied by using the composed image method of principal components and ratio.

以美国Landsat-7陆地卫星ETM遥感影像数据为信息源，利用遥感图像处理软件PCI V7.0进行波段4/3比值增强处理和波段1、3、4、5主成分分析，采用主组分加比值合成影像图的方法，即ETM4/3+PC3+PC1，提取各类地物分类信息，研究昆明地区土地利用情况。

The spectral representation of urban and man-made objects in hyperspectral data were analyzed.

研究了城市地物及人工目标的光谱特征在高光谱图象上的表征。

Four sets of actual aerial photos are used to test;which are at different scale and in different terrain.The empirical results verify that image elements of exterior orientation obtained by a POS can satisfy the accuracy requirements of topographic mapping,no matter which scale and terrain the empirical block is classified to.However,to satisfy the accuracy requirements of object point in elevation,the accuracy requirements of exterior orientation elements are at least one time higher than that in planimetric mapping.

通过对摄自不同地区、多种摄影比例尺航摄影像的实验表明，由POS系统获取的影像外方位元素进行安置元素测图完全可以满足各种比例尺、不同地形图测绘的精度要求，但为了满足地物点的高程精度，对影像外方位元素的精度需求较用于平面测图时的至少要高出一倍以上。

The hue, value and saturation of the color of target are expressed in the chromaticity coordinates and the chromaticity diagram,the true target color which is different from the color photograph is obtained, and the color is standardized, digitized and quantitative.

以色度坐标和色度图数字彩色表示该地物颜色的色调、亮度及饱和度。可得到与彩色象片不同的该地物的真实颜色，并且这种颜色具有标准化、数字化和定量化的特点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。