地沥青

For this reason, the project creates the mathematical model and numerical method of backcalculation of layer moduli in asphalt pavement based on homotopy method in accordance with the theories of differential topology and optimization. Through selecting the rational objective functions of backcalculation of moduli, a large number of deflection basins of asphalt pavement with FWD are made the backcalculation of moduli to solve effectively the present problems and ensure the reliability of backcalculation of layer moduli in asphalt pavement.

为此，本项目根据微分拓扑和最优化理论，建立了基于同伦方法的沥青路面模量反算的数学模型和计算方法，并通过选取合理的模量反算目标函数，对大量FWD实测的沥青路面弯沉盆进行了模量反算，从而有效地解决了目前存在的问题，保证了沥青路面模量反算的可靠性。

Montan wax is a mixture of wax, resin and asphalten, in Which resin shows harmful effect on the quality of montan wax,Thus it must be removed in advance.

褐煤蜡主要是由蜡质、树脂和地沥青三种组分所组成的混合物，其中树脂对产品质量影响较大，常需预先加以除去。

The order contact of skeleton is similar to that of common traffic and is suitable to be kept between 1.07 and 1.15. When adopting dynamic stability index to evaluate the high temperature performance of asphalt mixture, it is likely to stretch the work of modified asphalt and there is a discrepancy between the capacity to evaluate different gradation designs and the practical facts. In the late process of creep, stiffness module index can evaluate the high temperature performance of asphalt mixture which is relatively objective. The rutting prediction model based on this is relatively reliable.

采用车辙动稳定度指标评价沥青混合料高温性能时，可能夸大了改性沥青的作用，其对不同级配优劣的鉴别能力与实践事实间也存在一定的差异，而蠕变劲度模量指标能够较为客观地评价沥青混合料的高温稳定性能，且在此基础上建立的车辙预估模型经实践检验具有较高的可靠性。

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Results of analysis show that Generalized Paris Law can consider the complex crack propagation in the material of the pavement structure. The fatigue life of the pavement increases with increasing thickness of surface layer in a power function. Use of a thicker surface layer may extend the service life of the asphalt pavement. The fatigue life increases with decreasing modulus of surface layer in a power function with a negative exponent. However, since reduced modulus would scarify the structural strength and might cause rutting-related distress, caution should be taken when using low modulus materials for improving fatigue performance of asphalt pavements. The fatigue life increases with increasing modulus of base material in a power function. However, the fatigue life can not infinitely increases with increasing modulus of the base.

计算与分析表明：广义Paris公式可以考虑沥青路面结构内材料复杂的裂缝扩展：沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着面层厚度的增加以幂函数的形式增加，适当增加沥青面层厚度可以提高路面的使用寿命；沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着面层材料模量的降低以负指数的幂函数形式增加；由于材料模量的降低将牺牲路面的整体强度并可能引起路面车辙类损坏，以此提高疲劳寿命的方法应慎重对待；沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着基层材料模量的增加呈幂函数的形式增加，但由疲劳方程可以看出，寿命并不是随基层材料模量的增加而无限的增加，疲劳曲线在经过一个上升段后，逐渐趋于一个常数值，这说明，这时基层模量对寿命已不作关键性贡献；随着底基层厚度的增加，面层的疲劳寿命近似地呈线性函数增加，但效果并不很明显。

Received the asphalt mixture mechanics performance index with frequency through FSCH test, it point out that the complex shearing modulus: G*, G*/sind can appraise the high-temperature performance of different asphalt mixture well. But phase angle: d can't relatively produce quality of high-temperature performance of every asphalt mixture obviously.

通过FSCH试验得到不同频率下沥青混合料力学性能指标，指出复数剪切模量G*、G*/sinδ能较好地评价不同沥青混合料的高温性能，而相位角δ不能明显地比较出各沥青混合料高温性能的优劣。

Received the asphalt mixture mechanics performance index with frequency through FSCH test, it point out that the complex shearing modulus: G*, G*/sind can appraise the high-temperature performance of different asphalt mixture well. But phase angle: d cant relatively produce quality of high-temperature performance of every asphalt mixture obviously.

通过FSCH试验得到不同频率下沥青混合料力学性能指标，指出复数剪切模量G*、G*/sinδ能较好地评价不同沥青混合料的高温性能，而相位角δ不能明显地比较出各沥青混合料高温性能的优劣。

In this paper, the progresses acquired in the studies of natural analogy are summarized, including a comparison of structural properties, radiation damage and chemical composition between uraninite and UO2, combination and paragenesis of alteration products of uraninite, chemical composition of uraninite and its secondary phases, mobility of analogy elements in the process of uraninite alteration. In addition, the problems in next studies are pointed out, e. g., characterization of micro-structure of secondary uranium minerals, high-resolution analyses of trance elements distributed in original and secondary uranium minerals using laser microprobe analyzer, composition of underground water, simulation experiments.

系统地总结了天然类比研究的现状，包括沥青铀矿与UO2的可比性、沥青铀矿风化产物的共生组合和共生次序、沥青铀矿及其风化产物的化学成分特征、沥青铀矿风化过程中类比元素的迁移性等；并初步指出了进一步研究的方向，如铀酰矿物的微结构研究、类比元素在沥青铀矿和铀酰矿物中分布的激光探针研究、地下水成分分析、模拟实验等。

The results show that the blacktop performance can be improved efficiently up to existing technical standard if adding properly the reclaiming agent in the outspent asphalt mixture. Some key points are suggested for designing recycled asphalt mixture as blacktop, which may be referable to the design and construction of utilizing recycled asphalt mixture.

结果表明：在旧沥青内添加适宜、适量的再生剂可以有效地改善旧沥青的路用性能，达到规范所规定的技术标准要求；提出了沥青路面混合料再生设计中应该注意的问题，对今后沥青路面的再生设计与施工具有一定的指导意义。

It mainly contains the following things. At first, I bring for the way of anchoring two cementing slabs next to by using dog irons made of iron bars and then cover the surface of the road using bituminous concrete. After analyzing the feasibility of this method by using the famous and popular use soft ware ASYS, the results show the magnitude of the temperature stresses on the limited mat coat of the road has nothing to do with the length of the concrete slabs after covering it with bituminous concrete. Meanwhile, the relative horizontal shifting, the flexural-tensile strain, and the vertical shearing stress of the slabs next to it becomes the least after anchoring them with dog irons made of iron. Therefore it proves that it really works to use this method to prevent and slow down the speed of the reflection cracks in the bituminous concrete skin coat over the old road.

首先，提出采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻水泥混凝土板后再进行沥青混凝土罩面的新方法；采用国际著名的通用有限元软件ANSYS对其可行性进行了分析，结果表明在有限尺寸的板上进行沥青混凝土罩面后，罩面结构的温度应力的大小与板的长度几乎没有关系，同时采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻旧水泥混凝土板后，可以明显地减小相邻板的相对水平位移、接缝处罩面层底部的弯拉应变和垂直剪应变，从而表明该法对防止或减缓旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青混凝土罩面层的反射裂缝是确实可行的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。