地梁

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

Because of Liang Jun at that time is contact by Dong Mingzhu, obtain her credit, the case muscularity of ground of the Huaihe River of full-fledged member control counterpoises, in this process, although a lot of agency put forward to protest to Liang Jun's practice, and a few partner also initiate motion to want to unmake Liang Jun, but Dong Mingzhu still believes him, maintain, should give him a chance, but so indulgent result is, liang Jun passes hook in partner finally, case of embezzlement of ground of bilateral act evilly in collusion with sells the interest of company and agency south force the Huaihe River.

因为梁君当时是由董明珠接触，并获得她的信任，全权把握淮地的格力大权，在这个过程中，虽然有很多经销商对于梁君的做法提出了抗议，而一些股东也发起动议要罢免梁君，但董明珠还是相信他，并认定，要给他一个机会，但是这样纵容的结果是，梁君最终通过拉拢股东，双方沆瀣一气地侵占格力淮南销售公司和经销商的利益。

The device includes a beam; at least one beam support mounted on the beam; a sensor assembly slidably connected to said beam and adapted for measuring the distance to the surface; and a transducer assembly adapted for measuring the position of said sensor assembly along said beam.

该装置包括：梁；至少一个梁支撑件，其安装在所述梁上；传感器组件，其与所述梁可滑动地连接并且适合于测量与所述表面的距离；以及变换器组件，其适合于测量所述传感器组件沿着所述梁的位置。

Research on Design Theories and Methods of Unseating Prevention Devices Based on the seismic standard of China, the design theories of unseating prevention devices were presented, according to the response spectrum of random loading and the fortify intensity at expansion joints, the design method was put forward. In the light of the use of unseating prevention devices at home and abroad, the choice and methods for installation of the devices are introduced and compared.

4连梁装置设计理论与方法研究考虑场地土的不同地震动参数和桥梁等级的不同，在论文中引入桥梁地震荷载重要系数，并根据冲击荷载的反应谱，提出连梁装置的设计地震力力和位移计算方法；参照国内外的连梁装置设计使用的现状，介绍了多种类型连梁装置的选用及安装方法；对连梁装置缓冲部分不同的构造进行了试验。

The elastic supporting forces are regarded as loads and act reversely on longitudinal beams, then the forces acting on longitudinal beams are calculated. Through structure selection, the large rectangular aqueduct bridge with high side beams should be adopted firstly. Because the side beams may reduce the middle beam loads, the span of aqueduct bridge can be increased.

通过结构形式的比较，指出具有大边梁的多纵梁矩形渡槽其侧墙兼做纵梁用，充分利用侧墙刚度大的特点，使横向挡水和纵向承重结合在一起，可以有效地减小水荷载对中纵梁的作用，从而增加渡槽的跨越能力，在大型渡槽的设计中应优先采用。

Next, the thesis remarks on the designing and computing methods of anti-sliding pile with prestressed anchor cable and frame foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable, which are adopted in Zhangjiaping slide. Give the more reasonable methods for computing internal force.

然后对张家坪滑坡治理中所采用的预应力锚索桩和预应力锚索框架地梁的设计计算方法进行分析评述，给出了其内力计算比较合理的方法。

First, the computation theory of the anti-sliding pile has been researched including interaction between the pile and tho landslide, the mechanical model of the pile and the calculation method of the internal force of the pile with prestressed anchor cable. Second, the internal force status, the mechanical computation model and the design method of the foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable have been analyzed. Finally, by the example, engineering instance and the geology mechanical model test, the main results and conclusions deduced from the thesis have been compared and validated.

论文首先对抗滑桩的相关设计计算理论进行了研究，包括抗滑桩与边坡岩土体的相互作用，抗滑桩的力学计算模型以及预应力锚索抗滑桩的内力计算方法；其次对预应力锚索地梁的受力状态、计算模型以及设计方法进行了分析研究：最后结合工程实例和地质力学模型试验对相关结论进行了分析比较、验证。

There are 2 large anchor bases at north and south of the main stadium of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center and a 396 meters prestressed ground beam connects these two anchor bases.

南京奥体中心主体育场南北分别设计2个大型拱脚，在南北拱脚之间由396m长预应力地梁连接。

Secondly, a theoretical dual rigid-plastic modal under lateral impact of blunt indenters is firstly developed in order to predict damage pipeline which is fully clamped across a span based on rigid-plastic beam on a perfectly plastic foundation, which is made up of a rigid-plastic sub-beam and a rigid-plastic basic-beam, the rigid-plastic sub-beam is used to predict denting deformation, the rigid-plastic basic-beam is used to predict global deformation, the sub-beam and the basic-beam interact by a perfectly plastic foundation.

为了更好地估计钝头弹体冲击对管道造成损伤，在刚塑性地基梁模型的基础上，首先提出了一种新的理论计算模型一双重刚塑性梁模型，由一子梁和一基梁构成，子梁用来估计弹体撞击造成的局部损伤，基梁用来估计弹体撞击造成的整体弯曲，子梁和基梁通过基础反力相互作用。

For the structure stress condition, the dead load is born mainly by continuous rigid-frame, and the live load is born by both the arch rib and the main beam, the force separately bora by the arch rib and the main beam is influenced by the whole rigidity of beam and arch, and by areas of flexible hanger rod, the structure perforce is no longer same with the common beam and arch, and the inner force analysis progress is more complex to the common bridge system, especially, the multi-direction stress analysis to the combination area of pier、 arch and beam is very difficult, for such reasons, so it is very necessary and important to have stress performance analysis in the combination area of pier、 arch and beam.

从结构受力情况来看，梁体自重主要由连续刚构承受，活载由拱肋与主梁二者共同承受，各自承受力的大小受梁、拱相互整体刚度、柔性吊杆面积的大小影响，结构性能已不同于一般的拱与梁，结构内力分析的过程较一般桥梁体系较为复杂，特别是墩、拱、梁结合处的多向受力状况的分析难度更大，所以对该桥式结构，墩、拱、梁结合部的结构受力特性进行进一步地理论分析测验研究也就显得十分必要和迫切了。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷