地方自治的

The last part will discuss the effect and significance of local autonomy.

最后论述的是英国地方自治的影响与意义。

The local autonomy institution of Tianjin has very important relation to the modern executive system.

作为直隶地方自治的试验之区，天津县自治的发展走向对全省有极大的影响。

After describing the background and condition of local autonomy, the author discusses the material administration of local government, and this part is the main section of this paper.

在界定地方自治的历史背景与外部环境之后，文章论述地方社会与政府机构的具体运作与治理方式，这是本文的主体。

So we should abandon it and establish the local autonomy.

因此 ，应当摒弃高度中央集权模式，着手建立地方自治的制度

The new county system sport of 1940s was a large-scale and grass-roots political power developments that pushed . the result of Guangdong skeleton regime construction was the establishment of town village - two grass-roots regimes, but because of lacking of persons in wartime and outlay , skeleton regime construction did not realize the expecting programming and design ;the popular will organ couldn"t have an impact on the town and village administrative body, the county government became the only conductor."the region autonomy had not appeared. The town and village regime is still a regime under the control of landlord or country gentlement social class.

20世纪40年代的新县制运动是国民党在"地方自治"的旗号下推行的一次大规模的基层政权建设运动，新县制下广东基层政权建设的结果是在县以下乡村社会设立了乡、保两级行政机构；但由于战时广东人才缺乏、经费紧张，规划设计的民意机关只在形式上的建立起来，乡、保民意机关对乡、保行政机构没有能够发挥应有的指挥、监督作用，县政府成为体制内乡、保各级政权唯一的领导者与监督者，"地方自治"未能实现，乡、保基层政权依然是乡村乡绅地主阶级的政权。

As part of the study of social administration of Nanjing in the Republic of China, the thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter one explains the basic concepts of social administration and the development of modernization of Nanjing before 1927. It stresses the importance of social administration in city development through the depiction of social characteristics and problems of Nanjing. Chapter 2 introduced the theory of social administration of the Republic of China, under which the municipal institutions are structured. It focuses on the social theory of Sun Yat-sen and correlative comments of Jiang Kai-shi, which reflect the theoretic level and subjective intention of social reform of the Republic of China. Chapter 3 discusses the local autonomy of Nanjing of the Republic of China. The origin of democratic local autonomy theory and its influence over social administration are expatriated. The advantages and disadvantages of local autonomy are analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 focuses its discussion upon social rescue work, an important part of social administration, with general description of social rescue work in Nanjing and concludes the characteristics of social rescue work in the transition from the traditional to the modern society. Focusing on the prominent problem of the large flows and inflation of population of Nanjing, chapter 5 discusses the population and population management of Nanjing and outlines the population situation through analysis of the population problem, management methods and the current situation. Chapter 6 describes the unprecedentedly active citizen organizations and parties. The transform and changes of these organizations occurring under the new circumstances and their functions in social administration are analyzed to reveal the interactive function between government and social organizations in social administration. Chapter 7, the epilogue, makes theoretic evaluation of the characteristics of social administration and its revelation to the current society of Nanjing, hoping this research serves as a reference to the current time.

本文是民国南京社会管理研究的一个部分，由七个章节组成：第一章介绍了社会管理的基本概念和1927年以前南京社会近代化的变迁过程，通过对南京社会特点和社会问题的描述，阐明了社会管理在城市发展中的重要作用；第二章介绍了民国社会管理思想的基本内容和在此指导下的南京市政府有关机构的设置，着重阐述了孙中山的社会管理思想和蒋介石的有关论述，反映了国民政府的社会管理的认识水平及其实行社会改造的主观意图；第三章专题讨论了民国南京地方自治，对具有近代民主意义的地方自治思想的由来及其社会管理意义进行了阐述，具体分析了南京推行地方自治的利弊得失；第四章将社会救济事业作为社会管理的一项重要内容进行了讨论，描述了南京社会救济事业的基本概况并对从传统向近代过渡社会救济事业的若干特点进行了总结；第五章针对南京城市人口的大量流动和急剧膨胀这一突出的社会问题，集中讨论了南京的人口与人口管理，通过对南京人口问题、管理手段以及人口状况的分析，展示了南京人口构成的基本面貌；第六章描述了南京空前活跃的市民组织和社会团体，着意反映这些社会组织在新的条件下的转型和变化，分析其在社会管理中所发挥的作用，企望由此揭示政府与社会组织在社会管理中的互动作用；第七章为结语，对南京社会管理的特点及其对现实的启示进行了理论评价，力求本研究更能具有现实借鉴意义。

S. G. organs in different places and their personnel were mostly composed of the weak industry-commercial capitalists, who served as the class base of the bourgeoisie constitutionalists and worked in concert with the constitutionalists in political attitudes.

本文以为，清朝末年的地方自治之所以多有困厄，难期顺利发展，主要是因为实行地方自治的各种主客观条件尚不具备，而且实现这些条件又非一朝一夕之功，这无疑也是中国政治近代化发展迟缓、迭遭顿挫的基本原因。

The bourgeoisie constitutionalists strengthened the wide conpection with local gentrymerchants on the base of provincial assemblies, exposing and criticizing the ezils of the officially managed L.

就其组织形式而言，具有以下特点：1、自治范围较为宽泛，已有近代意义的地方自治色彩；2、地方自治职员的产生，具有民主选举的意义；3、各级地方自治机关具有某种相对独立的立法权和行政监督权；4。

The local home rule implementation and the power of people give different political party the same opportunity to serve for the people.

地方自治的落实，人民的力量，给与不同政党相同的机会，来为人民服务。

That had deeply influenced upon the engendering of citizen class, awakening of modern nationalism, expanding of local selfgovernment, establishing of the position of"social center".

清末上海公共领域的繁荣及其社会整合功能的不断增强，有力地推动了上海社会的自主化发展，对于市民阶级的形成、现代民族主义的觉醒、地方自治的开展以及&社会中心点&地位的确立均产生了极为深刻的影响。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。