地方法

In the paper, the theory and methodology of amplitude correction method using average of several points in discrete spectrum, which is suitable for analyzing the dynamic signals of rotating machinery with small varying speed, is proposed and systematically studied.

系统而完整地提出了处理变速机械弱时变响应信号的离散频谱多点平均幅值修正法的理论和方法，严格证明了该方法能精确地计算出平稳信号和频率微弱波动信号的幅值，能近似地计算出幅值和频率均微弱波动的信号的平均幅值，并应用这套理论成功地解释了频率微弱波动信号的幅值谱表现出较严重的"功率泄露"效应的原

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

In another word, the status does not exist that a painter should learn from nature "purely" without any "prejudice" and paint realistically by facing an object to paint out what he or she has perceived. To obtain such capability, painting learners or students shall use their eyes (teachers ask students in the painting class "where are your eyes and your perceptions") to observe objects and things at the beginning of study and then paint the models faithfully by means of "facade-subdivision"(or "preferring to square not round" as described by Xu Beihong, or decomposing the object into many petty facades as described in the line drawing textbook by P.P. Chistjakov so as to turn around the object bit by bit).

也就是说，不存在这样一种状态，画家为了画出自己的感觉，他们应该"纯洁"地不带"偏见"地去向自然学习，去面对物体直截了当地写生，而为了获得这种能力，在学习绘画的初始阶段，就必须训练学生们用自己的眼睛(在绘画课室里，老师总是质问学生，你的眼睛在哪里，你的感觉在哪里)去观察对象，然后用一种"分面"的方法(也就是徐悲鸿所说的"宁方勿圆"，或者按照据说是契斯恰科夫的素描教程的要求把对象分解成许多小面，以便使物体能够一点一点地转过去的方法)把眼前的模特如实地画下来。

With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模摘要型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

Also the response amplitude will be changed with the initial conditions due to the nonlinear properties of the cables.Taking the bending stiffness, cable sag and cable inclination into consideration, the space vibration control of the cables using the visco-elastic dampers in cable-stayed bridges is investigated by joining the center difference method and the state space strategy. Both the maximum modal damping ration and the optimal damper size are obtained, then the practical suggestions are proposed for the design of the dampers. The space nonlinear vibration equations of the cable-damper system are derived, and anew hybrid method for solving the cable-damper system is presented by combing the Newmark method and Pseudo-force technology. According to the known properties of the cable-damper system, the nonlinear transient responses are analyzed under all kinds of excitations. Based on the transient response, the control effectiveness of the visco-elastic dampers is further demonstrated.

综合考虑了拉索抗弯刚度、垂度的影响，研究了粘弹性阻尼器对斜拉桥拉索的空间振动控制，联合中心差分方法及状态空间法，得出了拉索面内、外振动各阶模态可能达到的最大阻尼比及相应的最优阻尼器系数，并对斜拉桥拉索的阻尼器设计提出了参考建议：考虑拉索抗弯刚度、垂度及几何非线性，导出了索-阻尼器系统的空间振动非线性方程组，结合Newmark方法及伪力(Pseudo-Force)方法，创新地提出了求解非线性方程组的杂交方法，根据拉索-阻尼器系统的阻尼特性，在各种荷载作用下，对索-阻尼器系统的非线性瞬态振动响应进行了研究，从系统响应的角度更加直接地验证了阻尼器的控制效果。

Based on the analysis to the particularity of the cruise missile attacking, a complete recognition method based on the knowledge is developed. A new fractal-based infrared image feature extraction method is presented and the detailed theoretic analysis and implement procedure of this algorithm is submitted and tested in some experiments. With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

On the one hand, the component method is introduced into flowchart design, which can not only enlarge the depth and the connotation of the flowchart, but also extend the traditional concepts of the flowchart. By combining the component method and the objectoriented method, it will be easy to illustrate the industry flow and meet with the future requirements of the industry control software. On the other hand, the trajectory concepts in plane moving, the method of using Bezier Curve to approach the 1/4 arc to implement the arc circumrotation, the method of using graphic elements' combination to extend the expression capability, and the method of combining the graphic elements'combination, three-dimensional graphic elements and bitmaps to realize the three-dimensional effects to express the industry flow more realistic are brought forward in this dissertation.

工控软件中最能够体现人机接口设计创造性的画面当属流程图，本文对流程图设计进行了深入研究，提出了一种工控软件流程图设计的新方法：一方面在流程图设计中引入部件化方法，扩展流程图的深度与内涵，延伸了流程图的传统概念与意义，将部件化技术与面向对象技术相结合，能够更好地实现对工艺过程的描述并适应工控软件的未来发展要求；另一方面对流程图中动画关联和三维化这些新兴领域进行了研究，提出了平移动画中的&轨道&概念，以实现图元的沿曲线平移，提出了在圆弧旋转动画中用Bezier曲线逼近〓圆弧的工程化方法，并用最小二乘法进行了验证和工程化参数的获取，实现了利用图元组合来扩展流程图的表达能力，采用了图元组合、三维图元和位图相结合的方法来实现逼真的三维效果，以使工控软件更加符合人机工学，更能形象地反映工艺流程。

The chapter two was focused on the samarium diiodide promoted organic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis, firstly, a new synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes from a,β-alkynone promoted by samarium diiodide was investigated and the highly substituted cyclopentadienes were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Secondly, the Michael addition and Michael-aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or diorganyl disulfides with α,β-alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied and a series of alkenylsulfides and alkenylselenides were prepared in good yields. Then the highly regioselecfive nucleophilic addition of the allylsamarium bromide to α,β-alkynones were explored. We found that the allylsamarium bromide reacts with α,β-alkynones to afford regiospecificly 1. 2-nucleophilic addition products in good yields under mild condition. At last we studied the coupling reaction of aryl halides promoted by NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓.

第二章 研究了二碘化钐、金属钐促进的有机反应：1、二碘化钐促进下α，β-炔基酮的偶联环化反应，提供了一种制备多取代环戊二烯的新方法；2、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮的Michael加成反应，为高产率地制备多取代的烯基硫或烯基硒化合物提供了方便可靠的新方法；3、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮和醛、酮的Michael—aldol串联反应，提供了一种一锅法高产率地制备多取代的含硫的烯丙基醇或含硒的烯丙基醇类化合物的方便可靠的原子经济性的新方法；4、烯丙基溴化钐与α，β-炔基酮的高度区域选择性的1，2-亲核加成反应；5、NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓促进的卤代芳烃的偶联反应-一种从各种卤代芳烃制备联苯类化合物的有效方法。

On my way up north up on the ventura i pulled back the hood and i was talking to you and i knew then it would be a life long thing but i didn't know that we we could break a silver lining and i'm so sad like a good book i can't put this day back a sorta fairytale with you a sorta fairytale with you a sorta fairytale with you things you said that day up on the 101 the girl had come undone i tried to downplay it with a bet about us you said that- you'd take it as long as i could i could not erase it and i ride along side and i rode along side you then and i rode along side till you lost me there in the open road and i rode along side till the honey spread itself so thin for me to break your bread for me to take your word i had to steal it and i'm so sad like a good book i can't put this day back a sorta fairytale with you a sorta fairytale with you i could pick back up whenever i feel down new mexico way something about the open road i knew that he was looking for some indian blood and find a little in you find a little in me we may be on this road but we're just imposters in this country you know so we go along and we said we'd fake it feel better with oliver stone till i almost smacked him seemed right that night and i don't know what takes hold out there in the desert cold these guys think they must try and just get over on us and i was ridin' by ridin' along side for a while till you lost me and i was ridin' by ridin' along till you lost me till you lost me in the rear view you lost me i said way up north i took my day all in all was a pretty nice day and i put the hood right back where you could taste heaven perfectly feel out the summer breeze didn't know when we'd be back and i, i don't didn't think we'd end up like like this

在途中提高北方在 ventura 上提高我向后地拉头巾而且我正在和你说话而且我知道然后它会是生活长的事物但是我没有知道那我们我们可以休息一个一线希望而且我很这么忧愁同类一本善行书我不能放这日子背面一近似美丽宛如在神仙故事中的与你一近似美丽宛如在神仙故事中的与你一近似美丽宛如在神仙故事中的与你你说那个日子的事物在 101 上提高女孩有来未完成的我试验过的不予重视它藉由一个打赌有关我们你说那-你将会拿它只要我可以我无法消除它而且我乘坐向前边而且我向前骑边你然后而且我向前骑边直到你失去的我在那里在开着的道路中而且我向前骑边直到蜂蜜传布它本身如此瘦的因为我对休息你的面包因为我拿你所说的话我必须偷它而且我很这么忧愁同类一本善行书我不能放这日子背面一近似美丽宛如在神仙故事中的与你一近似美丽宛如在神仙故事中的与你我可以精选向后地向上的每当我感觉？？落新的 mexico 方法关于开着的道路某事我知道他是找寻一些 indian 血和稍微在你里面稍微找发现在我里面我们可能是在这一条道路上除了我们只是 imposters 在这国家中你知道因此我们向前去和我们说我们有假货它以脚踏铁槌石头感觉好很多直到我几乎有味道他似乎是权利哪一夜晚和我不知道什么控制向那边在那沙漠寒冷这些人认为他们一定尝试而且仅仅在我们身上克服而且我是 ridin'被 ridin'向前边一阵子直到你失去的我而且我是 ridin'被 ridin'向前直到你失去的我直到你失去的我在那后面视野你失去的我我说方法向上的北方我花了我的日子极其重要的是一相当好的日子和我放头巾正确地背面哪里你可以味道天堂完全地感觉夏天微风没有知道当我们将会回来而且我我做不没有想我们有结束在同类上面同类这

To detect the distribution conditions of SV5 antibody in laboratorial simians, two antibody detection methods, IFA and IEA, were established using the simian SV5-positive serum provided by Lab Animal Research Institute of China Academy of Medical Science.

为检测地鼠群中SV5抗体分布群况，我们利用细胞培养的方法制备了SV5抗原并免疫SPF地鼠获取了地鼠抗SV5阳性血清，建立了针对地鼠血清抗体的IEA和IFA两种检测方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。