地方法

Firstly, need some geometric information which include the vanishing line of the ground plane, a vanishing point for the vertical direction and a known vertical height.

该方法首先根据单幅图像提供的一些几何信息———地平面(或者是与地平面平行的平面)上两对不同方向的平行线和竖直方向的一对平行线———在图像上求得地平面的消影线和竖直方向的消影点；然后，用一个已知的参考高度来确定高度测量方程中的比例因子α；最后只要输入待测高度的端点坐标就可以获得该高度的实际值。

Much work has been done on multi-objective optimization methods to make them turn from deterministic searching algorithm to stochastic searching one, and from single objective optimizing method in nature to veritably vector optimization method. At present there are still many unsolved problems on it.

摘 要 多目标优化方法经历了一个从确定性搜索算法到随机搜索算法的过程，本质上仍是单目标优化的目标组合方法到真正意义上的向量优化方法的过程，至今仍在不断地发展中，但仍有大量未解决的问题。

Then the weak formulation of the control equations considering the contact constraint conditions has been developed. Combined the Lagrange multiplier and penalty function methods, the augmented Lagrangian method is used to treat the contact constraint and solved the non-linear and non-smooth problems of the mechanical response perfectly. A finite element model has been applied for the test project of the reinforced slope and to study the mechanism of the interaction of the soil and reinforced material.

本文在Lagrangian网格的控制方程中引入接触界面条件，并采用了经典的Coulomb摩擦模型作为界面切向面力的本构模型，继而发展了考虑接触约束条件的控制方程的弱形式；在求解方法上，综合了Lagrange乘子法与罚方法的优点，采用增广的Lagrangian方法处理接触界面约束，很好地解决了接触问题中的高度非线性和响应不平滑性。

The measurement results of several optical improvement methods are compared with that of FT IR through the near infrared spectral measurement of water. The results show that both methods can effectively reject the inference of zero order light. But the orthogonal polarizing method does at the expense of the utilization ratio of light.

结果表明，两种方法均能有效地消除零级光的影响，但正交双偏振方法以牺牲光能利用率为代价，调制方法能够在不降低光能利用率的情况下提高AOTF分光系统的光谱分辨力和信噪比，并可以简化光路结构。

And an on-line adaptative training algorithm of the weights of neuron is given, which enhances fusion precision of the model, fault tolerance and adaptive ability for subsystems 4 In order to diagnose the soft fault of integrated system, a new fault detection method is proposed based on federated filter, which can detect fault of system in short interval and greatly enhance the method sensitivity to fault A fault diagnosis method of Dynamically Tuned Gyro baesd on parameter estimation of kinetics model of rotor, and signal pretreatment, parameter estimation and strategy of fault identification are studied in detail The method can locate fault of DTG correctly and effectively, which provides a new approach and idea for gyro fault diagonsis 5 In order to diagnose the hard fault of integrated system, fault tree analysis is studied on fault disgnosis of integrated system circuits, and the hardware and software of disgnosis system are developed, with faults located to main module and circuit For futhur diagnosis, an optimal measurement technology in detection of circuits is discussed by improving an algorithm based on information theory, and a pratical method based on half-split method is proposed.

针对组合系统的软故障诊断问题，提出了基于联合滤波模型的一种新的故障检测算法，给出了算法的理论推导过程，该算法能在较短的时间内检测出系统故障，提高了算法对故障的敏感度；研究了基于动调陀螺转子动力学模型参数辨识的故障诊断方法，就其中的信号预处理、参数辨识及故障决策方法等关键技术进行了详细的研究，该方法可以正确、有效地检测与定位动调陀螺故障，为陀螺故障诊断提供了新的途径和思路。 5。针对组合系统的硬故障诊断问题，研究了基于系统浅知识推理的故障树法在组合系统电路子系统故障诊断中的应用，开发了相关诊断系统的软硬件，故障可定位到系统的主要功能模块和电路板级。为了进一步的故障定位，研究了电路板故障的最优检测问题，完善了基于信息理论的优化算法，并提出了基于&对分法&的一种实用的优化算法，故障可定位到电路板的主要功能元件级。在组建的SINS/GPS组合系统实验平台上，针对上述研究内容，进行了大量的实验研究。

Particle diffusion on the substrate also have random characteristic, so naturally particle deposition, adatom diffusion and adatom evaporation are described as statistical process.

因此，可以很自然地将生长单元的沉积，扩散和脱附都作为统计过程来进行描述，而蒙特卡罗方法方法本质上就是一种统计方法。

Along with vehement market competition, the technical request that relates to exploit banausic and advanced network resource management is put forward,How to increase the operational level of the telecommunication network everywhere, how to complete the communication guarantee responsibility given from the superior, how to keep the high level service quality, how to manage the equipments of the different manufactory in unification, moreover how to carry through the assistant decision-making that relates to feasibility and maneuverability of the preparative scheme of the emergency communication base on the network resource.

随着市场竞争的加剧，对开发实用、先进的网络资源管理技术提出了要求，如何提高各地电信网络的运营水平，完成上级赋予的通信保障职责，保持高水平的服务质量，统一管理不同制造商的设备，并在网络资源的基础上进行战备通信应急预案的可行性与可操作性的辅助决策；如何综合运用计算机科学、通信技术、地理信息系统的理论和方法对已投产运营的或将建设的网络相关信息进行有效管理，改善和提高调度、指挥效率，更加有效地管理和分配整个网络资源；如何使网络资源管理从单项的、人工的、独立的、局部的和数据的，走向综合的、智能的、统一的、整体的和可视化的，从而充分地发挥通信设备的作用，及时准确地为重要客户提供必要的通信保障；成为当前人们所关注并迫切希望得到解决的问题。

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The discrimination of Marchantia polymorpha, Marchantia convoluta and Marchantia paleacea was succeeded by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra Lines Group.

本文建立了紫外谱线组法鉴别地钱、拳卷地钱和粗裂地钱的方法。

On the basis of electrical network characterization, Chapter 5 presents a new principle to detect PCB's fault first time. Three methods of online test for electrical network characterization are described in detail. Then, a hierarchical, combinatorial approach is firsfly presented. The test efficiency of this method is studied also. The experiment result shows that the new approach can greatly enhance the test efficiency of fixtureless tester under the requirement of 100% test for PCB's connections.

本文第5章利用集成电路的输出特性，首次提出了一种新的印刷电路板连接故障的检测原理，给出了三种印刷电路板电气网络输出特性的在线测试方法；在此基础上，首次提出并实现了基于飞针式在线测试仪的层式组合测试思想，研究了这种方法的检测效率；应用实例表明这种方法在不降低对印刷电路板连接故障100％测试的要求下，可以有效地提高飞针式在线测试仪的检测效率。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。