地方法

According to the statistical regression, the average acceleration response spectra of the elect earthquake records are satisfied with the standard response spectrum by new code. The result which is obtained by combining the displacement average spectra and the standard deviated spectra are satisfied with the simulate displacement response spectrum by new code. 2. Compare two different calculated methods of inelastic demand spectrum based on the factor of yield strength and equivalent damping ratios.

通过统计回归发现，地震动加速度平均反应谱能较好地拟合规范设计反应谱，而地震动位移谱平均值+1 倍标准差能较好地拟合规范拟位移谱；②对依据屈服强度系数计算弹塑性需求谱和依据等效阻尼比计算等效弹塑性需求谱的方法进行了对比。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

Phthalic acid esters are widely used in the many fields of industry. So many countries including China have come to pay attention to them and make up the codes for limiting the content in some products such as textile. By combining international codes, the thesis selects coating and textile that have close relative with people as objections. The research results are as follows:1. The thesis has established the textiles preparation method by a series of experimentations such as extraction solvent, extraction time, solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries of eleven phthalates are from 80.30% to 98.00%, and the relative standard deviations from 0.59% to 2.56%, the results show that this method is accurate and credible.2. The thesis set up the simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene, xylenes and phthalates in coatings.

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物被广泛地应用在工业领域的各个方面，国际上已经开始重视邻苯二甲酸酯作为一种内分泌干扰素的危害性，对在一些产品中的用量作出了限制，但没有具体的分析测定方法，本论文结合国际法规选择了与人们生活密切相关的涂料和纺织品来研究其中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的测定方法，研究内容如下：(1)通过对提取溶剂、提取方式、提取时间的选择实验以及固相萃取的一系列条件实验，首次建立了纺织品中测定邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的前处理方法，并对分析方法作了准确度、精密度验证。

Firstly, based on the sliding mode control and backstepping technique, a new attitude tracking controller is derived to control the attitude motion of spacecraft, the stability of the system is analyzed via Lyapunov method and the reaction wheel dynamics is also considered from the real applications point of view. The whole design process is divided into two steps: the first step is to use sliding control technique to design suppositional adaptive variable structure controller; and the second step is to design attitude tracking controller based on SMC and backstepping technique. Numerical simulations are performed to show that both tracking maneuver and vibration suppression can be accomplished effectively.

首先，采用自适应后步法结合主动振动控制技术设计了姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器，基于Lyapunov方法分析了系统的渐近稳定性；在此基础上，显性地考虑了执行机构动态特性问题，将整个设计过程分为两个步骤：第一步采用滑模控制技术设计了变结构虚拟控制器，给出自适应控制律的设计方法；第二步，将后步法与滑模控制技术相结合，设计了姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器，给出飞轮电压的输入算法及稳定性分析；最后，将提出的控制方法应用于挠性航天器的姿态跟踪控制，通过数值仿真对所提方法的可行性与有效性进行分析和验证。

Two GFRF system model identify algorithms based respectively on Signal Flow Graph/Driving Point Impedance and EDA simulation are proposed. In order to solve the problem of fault diagnosis that the inner structure and parameters of the Object under Test cannot be able to determine, a new fault diagnosis method based on the phase space reconstruction and GFRF general formula is investigated. This method builds up a bridge between the chaos theory and Volterra series analysis, which does not strongly depend on the topological structure and the testing data length, is sensitive to the fault property, traces monotonously the change of system fault, and possesses some significant predominance compared with conventional fault diagnosis methods of analog circuits.

提出了基于信号流图/驱动点阻抗法的GFRF算法和基于EDA仿真和非线性频谱响应特性分析的系统模型辨识算法，为解决工程实践中不能确知被测对象内部结构和参数时的故障诊断问题，研究了基于相空间重构和GFRF简化算法的复杂电子系统故障诊断方法，该方法建立了混沌理论与Volterra级数分析法之间的桥梁，它对被测对象的拓扑结构依赖性不强，对被测系统的故障性质的敏感，可以单调地跟踪系统故障的变化，这种基于混沌特性分析的故障诊断方法与其它的模拟电路的故障诊断方法相比较具有显著的优势。

Therefore, using scientific research methods such as the historical analytic method, the analytic methods on musical score and theories speculative methods and so on, this paper explore the problem that the fusion of Jazz elements and Chinese musical culture.

所以本篇论文运用历史分析方法、音乐谱例分析方法和理论思辨方法等科学的研究方法，探究爵士音乐元素与中国音乐文化的融合，使人们可以更深入地了解爵士乐，肯定爵士音乐文化对中国现代音乐创作发展所做出的巨大贡献，并为我国今后音乐教育的发展和音乐创作工作的方向提供参考，以此来促进中国的音乐教育者和音乐创作者充分汲取世界优秀的音乐元素为中国的音乐创作出更多绚丽多彩的乐章。

Based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machines method, Incremental LS-SVM and Online LS-SVM method is proposed for identification of structural systems in this paper. It efficiently updates a trained LS-SVM by means of incremental and decremental pruning algorithms whenever a sample is added to, or removed from, the training set. The method overcomes the drawback of sparsenesslost within the standard LS-SVM and makes online training for the LS-SVM possible.

本文在最小二乘支持向量机方法的基础上提出了用于识别结构系统的增量最小二乘支持向量机和序贯最小二乘支持向量机方法，当新样本加入进来或老的样本被修剪下去的时候可以有效地更新，这种方法克服了标准最小二乘支持向量机方法的稀疏性缺失，使得结构参数的在线识别成为可能。

In this thesis, the theories and methods of GA are analyzed in detail , the trend of GA in recent times is briefly discussed. Because of the importance of image segmentation, two methods of color image segmentation based on GA are proposed. One is the surface of thresholds image segment method, the other is entropic threshold method. Two algorithms are realized through VC++ 6.0. After that, we compare the characteristics of two algorithms and prove that GA can be very well applied to solving image optimal problems.

本篇论文比较详细地论述了遗传算法的基本理论、方法，指出了算法的研究现状，由于图象分割的重要性，提出了两种基于遗传算法的彩色图象分割方法，即阈值曲面分割方法和最佳熵阈值分割方法，通过VC++6.0编程得到了实验验证，比较了两种算法的性能，证明遗传算法完全适用于图象的优化问题。

Going at the teaching of mathematical thought and method during high school is an important means by which the school in the 21th century cultivate the person with innovative spirit and practical bility.Moreover going in for the teaching study of the mathematical thought and method in high school can make ours absorb well the international and national mathematical thought and methodology knowledge,and improve the cognition to the importance of the teaching about mathematical thought and method,so that they are able to practise consciously and selfconsciously the teaching .

中学阶段进行数学思想方法的教学是21世纪学校培养具有创新精神与实践能力的人才的重要手段，而进行中学数学思想方法的教学研究更能使我们中学数学教师充分吸收国内外数学思想方法论知识，提高对数学思想方法教学重要性的认识，从而能够有意识、自觉地实践数学思想方法教学。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。