地方政府

According to the different functions of the central government and local governments in the economic and social activities, the rights of affaire administration are classified between the central government and local governments; and the classification of the expenditure between the central government and local governments are made on the basis of the classification of the rights of affairs administration between them.

指根据政府在经济和社会活动中的不同职责，划分中央和地方政府的责权，按照政府的责权划确定的支出。

China thinks highly of the macro-planning and guiding functions of government in the process of E-commerce development, and tries to arouse the enthusiasm of local governments.

中国政府重视并充分发挥政府在电子商务发展中的宏观规划和指导作用，调动各级地方政府积极性。

Like much of the American government, the central bank is an artful balance of federal and local.

就像大多数美国政府机构一样，中央银行是联邦政府和地方政府角力平衡的产物。

The press spokesman's system, which arose in the west, was introduced into China in 1983. It catered for China's diplomatism and external propagandizing. The press spokesman system was established broadly in the State Department, all the State Department's branches and local governments in 2003, which was accompanied by the comprehensive implementation of the new generation of central leaders' ideology of "governance for the people", the thorough revolution from "all-mighty government" to "serving government" and the lessons of the affair of SARS.

发轫于西方的新闻发言人制度，在我国肇兴于1983年，当时主要是出于外交的考虑和对外宣传的需要。2003年，随着新的中央领导集体"执政为民"思想的全面铺开，随着"全能型政府"向"服务型政府"的全面转型，也鉴于非典事件的教训，新闻发言人制度以国务院、国务院各部委和地方政府三个层次在国内广泛确立。

Yet the most important issue in Chinese politics and government today, as it has been for centuries, is arguably not the latest political manoeuvring in Beijing but the enduringly dysfunctional relationship between the central government and the provinces.

不过可以说，数百年以来，中国政治和政府当前面临的最重要问题，不是中国政府的最新政治动向，而是中央与地方政府之间长期存在的结构障碍。

The constrained low-cost restricts the improvement of government performance, other cost and implicit cost increases idle cost, the development of government transformation and civil society organization is slow, and constitutional problems still exist. These factors are the primary reasons which lead to low performance of the government administrative cost control in underdeveloped areas.

低成本制约了政府绩效的提升，制度外成本和隐性成本增加了无效成本，政府转型和公民社会组织发展缓慢，制度性问题等依然存在等，是导致落后地区地方政府行政成本支出绩效低下的主要成因。

Later, Catalonia merged with Aragon and, in the 15th century, with the Kingdom of Castilla, but always maintaining their own institutions. In the 18th century, Philip V, of the French Bourbon dynasty, abolished Catalonia's self-government and Catalan ceased to be its official language. In 1933, the autonomous government was restored. However, Catalonia lost its self-government with the 1936-1939 civil war and the rise of the dictator Francisco Franco.

后来与阿拉贡王国结合，15世纪时又和卡斯蒂利亚王国结合，但还保持着地方政府。18世纪，法国波旁王朝的菲利普五世取消了加泰罗尼亚的自治政府，禁止了加泰罗尼亚语作为官方语言。1933年自治政府重新建立，但1936－1939年的国内战争以及独裁政权佛朗哥派的胜利使加泰罗尼亚的自治得而复失，加泰罗尼亚语又被禁用。

Meanwhile the process of power order adjustment is a process during which power and benefit are transferred, that is the nation decentralizes power to the society, the party decentralizes power to the government, the central government decentralizes power to local governments, and the government decentralizes power to the market.

同时这个权力秩序调整的过程也是一个让利放权的过程，即国家向社会放权，党向政府放权，中央政府向地方政府分权，政府向市场放权的过程。

Firstly, the author gives the idea to make Chinese bond law system. In addition, the central government plays the role of examining, approving and enduing the local government with the power of issuing the bond.

解：其一，提出我国政府债券立法的总体思路，政府债券统一立法并赋予地方政府发行债券的权利，由中央政府严格核准审批。

Person who study government is it strengthen comparative learning ability of government,strengthen intergovernmental management is it study,perfect study mechanism,local government of government functionary to exchange the experience to have mainly Study purport while advance well-to-do level construction in an all—round way,structure the harmonious social course in ability of local government,promote the ability of the local government in an all-round way.

学习型政府主要有增强政府的比较学习能力、加强政府间的管理经验交流学习、完善地方政府公务人员的学习机制。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。