地方政府

A federal system of government has two layers of rule: central or federal government for the whole country; state and local governments.

联邦制政府包括中央或联邦政府与州和地方政府两个政府各拥有宪法规定的不同权力。

Before reform and opening-up, inter-governmental competition of our country, behave in the local government wanting the financial from central government , wanting the project , wanting the index and the so-called " inter-governmental system competition of recessiveness " respect mainly, on the whole the inter-governmental competition is scarce.

改革开放之前，我国政府间竞争，主要表现在地方政府向中央政府要财源、要项目、要指标以及所谓的"隐性的政府间制度竞争"方面，政府间竞争总体来说是缺乏的。

From 1992, in order to adapt to the socialist market economy, on the premise of collective authorization, the central government and higher levels of government also have executed selective recentralization of power.

其中，1978-1991年间，主要表现为中央政府向地方政府、上级政府向下级政府授权。1992年以来，为了适应构建社会主义市场经济体制的要求，在总体授权的前提下，中央政府和上级政府又进行了选择性集权。

China's economic reform is predominated by the government.

我国的经济改革是政府主导型改革，地方政府在造福地方的内在追求和政绩考核、地区竞争的外在压力下，对发展本地经济具有强烈的主动性、迫切性、冲动性。

In addition, they are sharing the external profit, the central government\'s institution supply and the local government\'s innovation formered thesupplierers of agricultural land, the demanders of the agricultural land, the central and local governments to a win-win situation.

此外，在共享外部利润的情况下，中央政府的制度供给和地方政府的制度创新形成了农地供给者、农地需求者、中央政府和地方政府等的共赢。

By thus doing, this thesis is expected to reach the point that even in China, a highly centralized nation, local governments can also be active in their foreign relationship whose continuous strengthening will lead to their ever greater role in international arenas.

以期表明在中国这样高度集权的单一制国家内，也还是存在着活跃的地方政府对外交往，并且随着对外交往的深入，地方政府将会在国际舞台上发挥更为显著的作用。

True, local officials have an incentive to inflate growth numbers because promotion depends upon economic performance; however, experience suggests that number crunchers in local government are more accurate than Beijing's.

当然地方政府夸大增长率数字是有动机的，因为官员的升迁就取决于经济业绩。可是，经验表明地方政府的数据比中央政府的更精确。

True, local officials have an incentive to inflate growth numbers because promotion depends upon economic performance; however, experience suggests that number crunchers in local government are more accurate than Beijing's.

的确，由于提升有赖当地经济表现，对地方政府官员来说夸大增长很有诱惑力。然而，经验告诉我们，地方政府精心上报的数据还是比北京发布的更精确。

Even if eventually required theintervention of local governments, the conduct of local government should be strictlyregulated, focusing on their behavior to improve and perfect a variety of binding rules,and improving the political and economic performance through the perfecting of therules.

即使最终需要地方政府的干预，也要严格规范地方政府的行为，将其行为集中指向改进和完善各种约束规则方面，通过完善规则来改进政治和经济绩效。

The primary principle of devolution and decentralization is very clear – to unburden the national government of responsibilities of attending to the basic needs of the people by shifting the responsibilities down to the LGUs where such needs can best be carried out, Thus, as Dr. Alex Briliantes and Jose Tiu Sonco II have aptly pointed out In their policy paper on strengthening devolution, The efficiency and effectiveness sof local government units in deliver public services at the local level have a great impact to human development outcomes and national economic growth.

&遵循的主要原则和权力下放的权力下放，是很清楚的-以摅国家政府的责任，参加基本满足人民需要的责任转移到LGUs这种需求，才能最好地进行，因此，作为博士亚历克斯Briliantes和Jose调Sonco二恰当地指出他们的政策文件，加强权力下放&的效率和效力的SOF地方政府单位在提供公共服务在地方一级产生重大影响人类发展的成果和国家的经济增长。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。