地方制度

Some institutional innovations in the post-Marcos period such as the 1992 Local Government Code, the Party List Law, and the Absentee Voting Law have provided openings for alternative electoral contestation but the limitations for challenging oligarchic dominance through these institutions also continue to be formidable.

后马可仕时期采行的若干制度化革新措施，如1992年地方政府法、政党比例法和不在籍投票法，已经开启了选举竞争的另一种可能性，但欲藉由这些制度来挑战寡头宰制，仍然存在著相当大的限制。

To govern the aggravating stream pollution ,both central and local governments disclosed various stimulating measures,which became the allais's Paradox of System Stimulation instead of introducing positive effects.

为了治理日益加剧的河流污染，从中央到地方都相应出台了各种激励措施，但是这些措施并未起到显著效果，却形成了制度激励悖论。

The city of Amiens was a commune, a status conveying municipal independence under the feudal system.

城市亚眠是一个公社，一个情形传达市政的地方的独立在封建制度时期。

During the planned economy phase, the focus of competition among the local governments was on lobbing the central government into rendering more investment projects and financial appropriation to them. The battlefield for this competition lied largely in the non-system level of the central government.

建国以来，我国各级政府间为经济利益的争夺由来已久，在计划经济时代，地方政府的竞争焦点主要在游说中央政府给予地方更多的投资项目和财政拨款，这种争夺的战场主要在中央政府的非制度层面。

The effective institutional mechanism can not only promotes the development of local governments cooperation, but also rationalizes the local governments cooperation.

有效的制度机制既可以促进地方合作不断深入，又可以使地方合作日趋合理。

The key points lie in the alteration of the system, forcing a balance between the local economy department and environmental protection department,and promoting participation of locals.

改变制度，让地方上的经济与环保部门形成制衡，促进地方的公众参与才是关键，只是搞一些培训无异于舍本逐末。

Even more frightening is that some places in the land acquisition reserve system established, for the maximization of local fiscal revenue considerations, has not been adequate and timely supply of land, which it has adopted a maintenance of the land market "moderate hunger" approach to allow the market to supply and demand in a state of tension even worse.

更可怕的是，一些地方在土地收购储备制度建立，为最大化的地方财政收入的考虑，没有得到充分和及时的供应土地，它已通过了维持土地市场&适度饥饿&的办法让市场的供应和需求处于紧张状态更糟。

I endeavour'd to clear up this Fraud, to my Man Friday, and told him, that the Pretence of their old Men going up the Mountains, to say O to their God Benamuckee, was a Cheat, and their bringing Word from thence what he said, was much more so; that if they met with any Answer, or spake with any one there, it must be with an evil Spirit: And then I entred into a long Discourse with him about the Devil, the Original of him, his Rebellion against God, his Enmity to Man, the Reason of it, his setting himself up in the dark Parts of the World to be Worship'd instead of God, and as God; and the many Stratagems he made use of to delude Mankind to his Ruine; how he had a secret access to our Passions, and to our Affections, to adapt his Snares so to our Inclinations, as to cause us even to be our own Tempters, and to run upon our Destruction by our own Choice.

从这些事情入手，我逐渐教导他，使他认识真正的神是上帝。我指着天空对他说，万物的伟大创造者就住在天上，并告诉他，上帝用神力和神意创造了世界，治理着世界。我还告诉他，上帝是万能的，他能为我们做任何事情，他能把一切都赐予我们，也能把一切从我们手里夺走。就这样，我逐渐使他睁开了眼睛。他专心致志地听我讲，并且很乐意接受我向他灌输的观念：基督是被派来替我们赎罪的。他也乐意学着向上帝祈祷，并知道，上帝在天上能听到他的祈祷。有一天，他对我说，上帝能从比太阳更远的地方听到我们的话，他必然是比贝纳木基更伟大的神。因为贝纳木基住的地方不算太远，可他却听不到他们的话，除非他们到他住的那座山里去向他谈话。我问他：他可曾去过那儿与他谈过话？他说：没有，青年人从来不去，只有那些被称为奥乌卡儿的老人才去。经过他解释，我才知道，所谓奥乌卡儿，就是他们部族的祭司或僧侣。据他说，他们到那儿去说&哦&，（他说，这是他们的祈祷。）然后就回来，把贝纳木基的话告诉他们。从星期五的话里，我可以推断，即使是世界上最盲目无知的邪教徒中，也存在着祭司制度；同时，我也发现，把宗教神秘化，从而使人们能敬仰神职人员，这种做法不仅存在于罗马天主教，也存在于世界上一切宗教，甚至也存在于最残忍、最野蛮的野人中间。

Village autonomy is a de jure component of the United States' local autonomy institution.

乡村自治作为美国地方自治制度的当然组成部分，却一直缺少联邦和州层面的专门法，这与其高度的地方自治形成了鲜明的反差。

Village autonomy is a de jure component of the United States' local autonomy institution.

黄辉乡村自治作为美国地方自治制度的当然组成部分，却一直缺少联邦和州层面的专门法，这与其高度的地方自治形成了鲜明的反差。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。