地形的

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

The general forms of the conservation of momentum, t emperature and potential vorticity of coastal ocean are obtained in the xz pla ne for the nonlinear ocean circulation of Boussinesq fluid, and a elliptic type partial differential equations of second order are derived. Solution of the part ial differential equations are obtained under the conditions that the fluid move s along the topography.

在考虑了陆架地形后，在垂直海岸的xz剖面上，对Boussinesq流体的非线性海洋运动方程求得了总动量守恒、温度守恒和位势涡度守恒的普适形式，进而得到流函数所满足的椭圆型二阶偏微分方程，在给定流体沿地形运动的条件下，算出问题的解。

Applying combined method of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, on the basis of on ago research fruit, this paper firstly analyses main factors that affect the safe distance from friendly force to target for tank gun overhead firing systemically. Based on that, this paper builds math model of calculating the safe distance from friendly force to target separately aiming to the difference of tank gun overhead firing in plane and undulate terrain. At last, through applying Mathematica soft, this paper presents the safe distance from friendly force to target for a tank gun overhead firing used APFSDS, HEAT and HESH, combined qualitative analysis.

采用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法，在以往研究成果的基础上，首先系统地分析并提出了影响坦克炮超越射击时友军至目标安全距离的主要因素；以此为基础，针对平坦地形和起伏地形上坦克炮超越射击的不同情况，分别建立了确定友军至目标安全距离的数学模型；最后通过运用Mathematica软件进行定量计算，并结合定性分析，提出了某型坦克炮使用尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹、空心装药破甲弹和杀伤爆破榴弹进行超越射击时友军至目标的安全距离。

An inhomogeneous Benjamin-Davis-Ono-Burgers equation including topographic forcing and turbulent dissipation is derived in terms of the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, an approximate analytic solution of the BDO-Burgers equation with a small dissipation is obtained, the time variations of mass and energy of the algebraic solitary waves are discussed, and finally, the forced BDO-Burgers equation is integrated numerically and the numerical solutions are given for a given basic flow with a weak shear and a localized topographic forcing.

利用包括地形外源和湍流耗散的准地转涡度方程导出了包含强迫项和湍流耗散项的非齐次强迫BDO-Burgers方程，求出了小耗散存在情况下BDO-Burgers方程的近似解析解，讨论了代数孤立波的质量和能量的守恒关系，最后，对给定的弱切变基本气流和局地地形强迫，数值积分强迫BDO-Burgers方程，求得了不同参数下的数值解。

It is thought that the channel bay line evolution processes can be divided into four stages. The first stage is soon of the sea level stable when the bayhead mountines are eroded and developed abrasion geomorphy and the productive materials were transport into the bay deposition by the tidal current and wave current and were reworked into gravel dams. The second stage is characterized by the fluvial output sediments and eroded sediments mixed deposition in channel bay and developed marine accumulation plain and sand riges in the plain under the wave reworked. The third stage developed clay silt marine accumulation plain under the action of the channel current and the wave action is very limited. The fourth stage is marked by human being reclaim which result in the channel bay filled and evoluted into a strait arce coast.

文章认为，峡道海湾的充填经历了四个阶段，第一阶段以峡道海湾湾顶山体在波浪作用下产生的侵蚀物质充填为主，发育了海蚀崖、海蚀洞、海蚀穴等侵蚀地形和湾顶砂砾石堤等堆积地形交替的峡道湾顶地貌，第二阶段以河流输出物质和峡道湾岛屿、礁石侵蚀物质在潮流作用下向峡道湾输运，由潮流和波流共同沉积为特征，发育海积平原，部分粗颗粒泥沙在波浪的改造峡，发育平原沙堤，第三阶段以河流输出物质为主，在涨落潮流搬运下进入峡道和峡道湾沉积，在峡道湾中发育以淤泥质粉砂为主要物质的海积平原，第四阶段以人类围涂造田为标志，加速峡道湾的充填过程，使峡道海湾最终趋于夷平，形成顺直均衡的弧形海岸。

In order to empolder ocean resources and instruct engineering construction, this thesis synthetically analyzed regional geology, terrain, deposit sediments, hydrology, and sediments of coral reefs, have systemically studied the mechanical characteristics of calcareous sand and coral reef through indoor tests. 1. Many factors including regional engineering geology environment, hydrodynamic environment, terrain, physiognomy have been studied to evaluate their influence to coral reef engineering. It's considered that atoll reefs and table reefs are suitable for engineering construction and the reef flat on atolls is most perfect.

为了开发海洋资源，指导珊瑚礁工程建设，本文综合分析了南沙群岛区域工程地质特征、珊瑚礁地形地貌、海洋水动力环境、沉积物特征等资料，从工程地质角度对珊瑚礁各地貌单元的工程适宜性进行了评价，对礁灰岩和钙质砂进行了室内试验分析，主要研究内容和结论如下： 1、分析了珊瑚礁的区域工程地质环境、海洋水动力条件、地形地貌特征、岩土体条件等因素对岛礁工程建设的影响，对珊瑚礁的礁体类型进行了划分，结论认为可干出的环礁和台礁比较适合各类工程建设，其中环礁的礁坪是理想的工程建设场所。

As much the goal was to develop a topographically rooted architecture for the new Olympic ski-jumping hill, it is meant to work in a dialectical mode: topographic integration links up with sculptural expressiveness, giving the new jump in Garmisch-Partenkirchen its unique characteristic appearance.

正如很多的目标是建立一个根深蒂固的地形结构为新的奥林匹克跳台滑雪山，它是指工作的辩证模式：地形一体化联系与雕塑表现，使新的跳跃在加米施，帕滕基其独特的外观特征。

By comparing and analyzing, it is concluded that for simple and slow slope terrain, the change of wind speed around hill can be truly calculated by some experimental formula such as MSFD calculations. While for cliffy slope and complex terrain experimental formula cant calculate the wind speed truly, it is well to analyze the question by numerical simulation.

通过对比分析可得，对于简单的、坡度较小的地形，山丘周围的风速变化可以较准确的由一些经验公式，例如MSFD理论模型计算得出；而对于坡度较大的以及较复杂的地形，经验公式无法较准确地对风速做出估算，只能借助于数值模拟来分析。

SOTER as the combination of soil, landform and lithology contains more information than single soil or landform database.

集土壤与地形数据千一体的SOTER数据库，较单一的土壤或地形数据库包含有更多的信息，这能够为日益锐化的人口与自然资源之间的矛盾的解决提供更有力的数据支持。

In order to describe in detail the structure of mesoscale atmosphere circulation and its evolution, symmetry theory are extensively used in the past fifty years. A large number of wind tunnel and water tank experiments are practiced to reshow the physical process that often appear in the atmosphere and, to some extent, successfully explain many atmsophere circulation characters in surface layer. But because of the planetary reflection and small Re number deformation, these physical experiments can' t represent real conditions of the atmosphere, they also can' t distinct viscous boundary layer separation and non-viscous dynamical separation as well as show the circulation response to surface diurnal heating.

为了详细描述复杂地形区域大气中尺度环流的结构和特征，过去50年来人们广泛采用相似理论，利用风洞和水槽实验再现大气中的物理过程，并在一定程度上成功地给出了大气近地层的一些环流特征，然而由于边界层反射和小Re数形变作用的影响，物理实验的结果并不能真实地再现大气中的实际状况，尤其是不能正确区别边界粘性分离流场和大气非粘性动力分离气流，环流场对地形下垫面日周期热强迫的响应过程也难以再现。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。