地形的

Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model(CCSM 2.01),a set of numerical experiments were conducted to examine dependence of the orbital-scale climate variability over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region on the orography by changing the plateau topography and the Earth′s orbital parameter.

利用美国大气研究中心的公用气候系统模式(CCSM2.01)进行了一组改变青藏高原地形高度和地球轨道参数的数值模拟试验，以探讨青藏地区地球轨道和地形变化对高原气候的影响。

Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model （CCSM 2.01）, a set of numerical experiments were conducted to examine dependence of the orbitalscale climate variability over the Qinghai Xizang Plateau region on the orography by changing the plateau topography and the Earth＇s orbital parameter.

利用美国大气研究中心的公用气候系统模式（CCSM2.01）进行了一组改变青藏高原地形高度和地球轨道参数的数值模拟试验，以探讨青藏地区地球轨道和地形变化对高原气候的影响。

A kind of automatic measuring instrument for 3-D river bed model topography is introduced.

摘要针对目前常用的电阻式地形仪存在的问题，介绍了一种新型的河床模型三维全自动地形仪。

Referenced sub-drainage basins were selected in the upper reaches of the Madao main river way, and topographic parameters were obtained using software of River Tools in each sub-drainage. Monthly runoff simulations were then applied to them with the same parameters as Madao catchment, the responses of runoff simulation to topographic parameters were studied, and the Normalization of Runoff-total Length Index were presented. Analyses indicate that NRLI is influenced by source density. NRLI fluctuates tempestuously as source density decreases sharply.

在此基础上从马道出水站点沿主河道往上游再选取6个控制点，运用River Tools软件提取出各个控制点控制流域和地形参数，分析参数变化情况，并在此基础上用前面率定好的参数来模拟各个控制点处的出口流量，分析径流对地形参数变化的响应关系，并提出了归一化径流－河道总长比指数。

The results show that the velocity of the flowbecomes larger at the narrow areas, the breadthwise distribution of the velocity isinfluenced by the underwater landform and the riverway. The computational watertemperature near the dam agrees well with the measured data.

计算所得的流场与河道地形相比可以看出，水面狭窄的江段水流流速较大，江段突扩段附近有明显回水区，流速的横向分布受河道弯曲及水下地形和河道主槽影响。

Regarding to the estimation of the elevated together with suspended heights of pipeline above the sea floor, they can be calculated with the Frontward and Backward models derived in this dissertation. Models are tested, and indicated the calculations have been effective.

管线的影像计算可利用管线前端与后端推算模式，推估裸露管线高度；并且由前侧、后侧的推算，可以剥离地形效应，对比实际的地形资料，得到验证。

It is interesting in view of the unique landforms and karstic features that are encountered in limestone terrains, e.g.

它由于在石灰石地形遇到的独特的地形和岩溶的特点是有趣， e.g。

It was proved under the homogeneous supposition that there are three parts of the relative errors in calculating the effective radiation flux over a complex orographic region i.e.

平均高度较小时，非均匀性的影响几乎可以忽略，但随着地形平均高度的增加，地形非均匀性的影响程度呈非线性增长趋势。

Mesoscale model MM5 isused to examine the orographic effect to the precipitation caused by a MesoscaleConvective System over Taiwan. A seriesof sensitive simulations are carried out toinvestigate the sensitivity of model resolution and orographic accuracy to precipitation.

Keywords：orographic effect； MCS； precipitation 台湾地形对1998年6月7-8日中标准对流系统降雨的影响朱晓金张庆红摘要：利用中标准模式MM5研究了台湾地形对中标准对流系统所引起的降雨的影响。

It presents an improved real-time continuous LOD algorithm based on unfull quadtree.

该算法在传统的LOD技术基础上，提出用&先压缩、后构模&以及&背面剔除&的思想来简化地形网格，提高了地形可视化的绘制效率。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。