地形

The landfall process of typhoon khanun which affect East China Seriously was simulated by using MM5 model and the track, the precipitation of typhoon are successfully reproduced, then through sensitive tests, the effect of zhejiang orography and mechanism are analyzed.

以2005年严重影响我国华东地区的登陆台风Khanun为研究对象，在用MM5模式成功模拟台风登陆前后时段路径和降水的基础上，通过地形敏感性试验，分析了地形对台风路径、强度和降水的影响及其机理。

Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model(CCSM 2.01),a set of numerical experiments were conducted to examine dependence of the orbital-scale climate variability over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region on the orography by changing the plateau topography and the Earth′s orbital parameter.

利用美国大气研究中心的公用气候系统模式(CCSM2.01)进行了一组改变青藏高原地形高度和地球轨道参数的数值模拟试验，以探讨青藏地区地球轨道和地形变化对高原气候的影响。

Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model （CCSM 2.01）, a set of numerical experiments were conducted to examine dependence of the orbitalscale climate variability over the Qinghai Xizang Plateau region on the orography by changing the plateau topography and the Earth＇s orbital parameter.

利用美国大气研究中心的公用气候系统模式（CCSM2.01）进行了一组改变青藏高原地形高度和地球轨道参数的数值模拟试验，以探讨青藏地区地球轨道和地形变化对高原气候的影响。

In summer the continent is the heating source and the ocean is the heating sink relatively in summer due to the land-sea thermal differences, so the increased topography essentially intensifies the continental characteristics of the underlying surface. The orography uplift enhances the effects of the heating source on the atmosphere and increases pricipitation in the Plateau region.

由于海陆热力差异，夏季大陆是热源，海洋则是相对冷源，地形升高实质上是增强了下垫面的大陆性特征，使下垫面对大气的加热作用(潜热加热的贡献占据第一位)随着地形升高而加强。

The observations show that the typhoon rainfalls over Taiwan area are significantly affected by the Taiwan orography. Heavy rainfalls usually observed over the up-slope area of the typhoon cyclonic circulation impending the mountains.

从台风降水资料分析显示，台湾地区台风降水和地形有相当密切的关系，各地较大降水发生时机是当台风中心移到台风之气旋式环流可吹向地形，当地处於迎风面时发生。

Some innovative results are listed below:1、According to the lithologic characters,lithofacies,genetic classification and the geomorphy,the Quaternary system is divided into piedmont-gully\'s and plain\'s. The piedmont-gully\'s Quaternary sediment,which is about 3～20 meters in thick,is in the western hills of the study area.The plain\'s Quaternary sediment is widely distributed in the study area,which is about 30～60meters thick and become thicker from southwest to northeast.2、The Quaternary sediments of plain can be divided into five sedimentary cycles.The Late Pleistocene series Quantan group,at the bottom of the Quaternary System,is constituted by a fluvial facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycle. The Late Pleistocene series Jiashan group,at the middle of the Quaternary sediment, is constituted by two fluvial facies-neritic facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles.The Holocene series Binhai group,at the upper of the Quaternary sediment, is divided into three parts,the under layer and middle layer are constituted by two littoral facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles,the upper layer is constituted by paludal facies,which was deposited at the lower-lying land like West Lake, Jiangcun-Gu dang,Xianghu lake,and coastal-estuary facies in other area.3、Folding and fault activities were weak in Quaternary and the tectonic activity had little influence on the Quaternary sedimentation.The ancient landforms,the evolvement of the river system and transgression were the main elements which controlled the Quaternary sedimentation in Hangzhou.The ancient landforms formed the basis of the Quaternary sedimentation.The evolvement of the river system and transgression individually or jointly controlled the Quaternary sedimentation of this area.4、The alternation of the climate was the main reason for the evolvement of the river systems and transgression,and it\'s also the reason why the Quaternary system of Hangzhou has the special sedimentary structure which is called soft interbed with hard layers.

通过研究取得了以下成果：1、根据岩性、岩相、成因类型和地貌特点，将本区第四系划分为山麓沟谷区沉积和平原区沉积：山麓沟谷区第四系主要分布于西部丘陵地区，厚度较薄且变幅大，一般厚3～20m；平原区第四系广布分区，由南西向北东逐渐增厚，一般厚30～60m.2、平原区第四系自下而上大体由五个完整或不完整的沉积旋回构成：底部上更新统全塘组，由河流相—河湖相的沉积旋回构成；中部上更新统嘉善组，由河流相—浅海相—河湖相两个沉积旋回构成；上部全新统滨海组，其下中两段由滨海海湾相—河湖相的两个沉积旋回构成，上段由西湖、蒋村—古荡、湘湖等低洼处沉积的湖沼相和其他地区沉积的滨海河口相构成。3、第四纪以来，研究区内褶皱、断裂活动微弱，构造运动对第四系沉积的影响不大，古地形、古水系的发育、变迁和海侵是杭州市第四系沉积的主要控制因素：古地形构成了第四系沉积的基底，水系与海侵在其后的不同阶段或分别或联合的主导了区内的第四系沉积。4、水系的发育、变迁和海侵的共同原因是天气变化，正是由于第四纪以来"冷热交替"的天气特点形成了杭州市第四系"软硬互层"的特殊沉积结构。

The model is based on a collection of a divisional terrain data defined as simplicial complexes arranged into a partially ordered set by time and space.

模型把子区域地形几何数据定义为单纯复合形集，按地形变化时间顺序和空间关系组织成一个偏序集。

Basic Geography Information system: For the parts on the ground, it stores big-scale data by layers according to the topographical elements, and completely accurate reflects the information of the buildings, terrain, physiognomy\ administration region, field boundary, geology structure and the position of the pithead.

基础地理信息系统：地面部分，按地形要素分层存储大比例尺数据，全面准确的反映建筑物、地形、地貌、建筑物、行政区域、井田边界、地质构造和井口位置等信息。

For the same amount of dredged-material, the preelection area

倾倒同样数量的疏浚物，在预选Ⅰ区引起的地形变化较大，但对水体和海床的扰动范围较小；而在预选Ⅱ区引起的地形变化较小，但对水体和海床的扰动范围较大。

The fruits of research in the thesis as follow:(1) The principle of variation of earth pressures on the culverts beneath the high fills are investigated in the thesis.

论文通过模型试验和数值模拟计算，研究了狭窄沟谷地形、宽坦沟谷地形、岸坡设涵和坡脚设涵四种边界条件下的高填方涵洞土压力随填土高度变化的规律，研究结果表明，在各种边界条件下，高填方涵洞涵顶土压力变化规律相似，当填土达到一定高度后，仍有部分土压力传递到涵顶上，使高填方涵洞的土压力不随填土高度成线性增加，土压力呈非线性变化，高填方涵洞的土压力明显低于理论土压力σ=γH计算值。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。