地形

Because there exists a high randomness an easier weighted method is used to establish Grid-format data to approximately describe 3-D space topography, 3-D topography is constructed for Grid-format data by using OpenGL technology, and a free transform of the space curved surface is realized, including parallel move, zoom, circumgyrate. Simultaneously, an algorithm of random incision of 3-D space curved surface containing most six sides is provided, in comhination of geologic evolution, element.

由于存在很大的随机性，采用较为简单的加权方法来建立规则网格Grid格式数据体对三维空间地形进行近似描述，利用OpenGL技术构造Grid数据体三维地形，并对构造出的三维空间曲面进行平移、缩放、旋转等自由变换，提供最多6个切面对三维空间曲面进行任意切割的算法，结合地质演化需要，利用双缓存技术实现了地质要素三维曲面动态演化过程。

One charactistics of the visualization system is to control the revelation of the picture. The system has formed shift, circumrotation and zoom kinds so that the user can exactly control the view revelation.

本文编制了一个能读取多种基于Grid地形网格数据的程序接口，通过本接口程序能很快的实现相关地形的显示，本文的接口程序具有通用性。

By comparing and analyzing, it is concluded that for simple and slow slope terrain, the change of wind speed around hill can be truly calculated by some experimental formula such as MSFD calculations. While for cliffy slope and complex terrain experimental formula cant calculate the wind speed truly, it is well to analyze the question by numerical simulation.

通过对比分析可得，对于简单的、坡度较小的地形，山丘周围的风速变化可以较准确的由一些经验公式，例如MSFD理论模型计算得出；而对于坡度较大的以及较复杂的地形，经验公式无法较准确地对风速做出估算，只能借助于数值模拟来分析。

The gas spill angles in the present experiment are 0°, 45° and 90°. The densimetric Froude number are 8, 10, 12, and 15. The terrain parameter are urban type and rural type natural turbulent boundary layers, respectively.

实验选择之溢漏角度为水平排放、45°角排放及垂直排放，密度福禄数为8 、10、12与15，迫近流场用的地形条件为乡村与都市地形。

The delta depositional system generally has three topography slope breakpoints, namely the breakpoint between topset and foreset, the breakpoint between delta foreslope and prodelta and the breakpoint between delta depositional system and normal lacustrine depositional system, of them the topography grade of the foreslope i...

三角洲沉积体系一般存在三个地形坡度转折点，即顶积层与前积层之间的转折点、三角洲前缘斜坡与前三角洲沉积之间的转折点、三角洲沉积体系与正常湖泊沉积作用之间的转折点，其中前缘斜坡的地形坡度最大。

The delta depositional system generally has three topography slope breakpoints, namely the breakpoint between topset and foreset, the breakpoint between delta foreslope and prodelta and the breakpoint between delta depositional system and normal lacustrine depositional system, of them the topography grade of the foreslope is the biggest.

三角洲沉积体系一般存在三个地形坡度转折点，即顶积层与前积层之间的转折点、三角洲前缘斜坡与前三角洲沉积之间的转折点、三角洲沉积体系与正常湖泊沉积作用之间的转折点，其中前缘斜坡的地形坡度最大。

Regarding to the estimation of the elevated together with suspended heights of pipeline above the sea floor, they can be calculated with the Frontward and Backward models derived in this dissertation. Models are tested, and indicated the calculations have been effective.

管线的影像计算可利用管线前端与后端推算模式，推估裸露管线高度；并且由前侧、后侧的推算，可以剥离地形效应，对比实际的地形资料，得到验证。

Topographic correction based on sun-canopy-sensor geometry is more appropriate than terrain-based corrections in forest areas because SCS preserves the geotropic nature of trees regardless of terrain, view, and illumination angles.

SCS校正模型解释了树木不依赖于地形、观测角和光照入射角而具有向地性生长的本质特性，但在某些地形区域，SCS与余弦校正同样存在过度校正的问题。

These samples were collected along a main street across the urban area and a mountain route from foot to the top. Results demonstrate that the main magnetic minerals in the street dust are magnetite, maghaemite and haematite with some paramagnetic minerals. Plots of Mrs/Ms vs. Bcr/Bc and Xfd % vs. X ARM/SIRM indicate that the main grain size of magnetic minerals in the street dust are pseudo single domain. The results reveal that the Lanzhou city is more polluted in spring than in summer. The main pollution sources are anthropogenic activities （81.9%） and natural dust （18.1%）, especially the former. The spatial distribution of pollution is controlled by the topography and weather conditions.

结果表明，兰州市街道尘埃中磁性矿物含量较高，主要磁性矿物是铁磁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿，并伴有少量顺磁性矿物；磁性矿物粒度主要是准单畴；市区污染春季较夏季严重，春季高频率的强沙尘暴可能带来了更多的磁性矿物；兰州市污染物的沉积和分布在很大程度上受到气象条件和地形地貌格局的影响，市区每个盆地东端高于其它地区；兰州市污染以人为活动产物为主，人为活动贡献约为81.9％，其中包含交通约22.6％的贡献，自然降尘贡献约为18.1％；特殊的地形和气象条件，使得兰州市区的大气环境容量比平原城市的环境容量小得多，进而导致严重的大气污染。

This method improves the computational accuracy, embodies the precipitation changes with topographty and the distributive incontinuity of precipitation, and solves the problem of the precision of the spatial interpolation of precipitation under complicated topographty condition.

该方法提高了计算的准确性，体现了降水随地形的变化以及在空间分布上的不连续性，有效解决了复杂地形条件下降水空间插值精度不高的问题。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。