地幔岩

In this paper the suit of granodiorite is prelimnarily proved to be remelt type granite in which the major rock-forming substances are derived from the crust and a few from the mantle by study on petrology, genetic mineralogy, geochemistry, trace elements, rare earth elments and isotopes combining with the re gional geological evolution and geological chronology.

此次工作，通过进一步对该套岩体的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、微量元素、稀土元素和同位素等方面研究，并考虑了区域地质演化和地质时代等因素，基本上证明其并非幔源分异型花岗岩，也不是典型I或S型花岗岩，而是一种以地壳物质为主、地幔物质为辅的混源重熔型花岗岩。

Rare elements and REE are mainly enriched in gray-black trachyte and less in other rocks. In addition, schistosity, pyritization, silicification and carbonation in gray-black trachyte are contributed to enrich rare element and REE. It is suggested that alkaline rocks in Hongyang area have the characteristics of subvocanics, and alkaline rocks in Hongyang and Miaoya areas all came from upper mantle and mixed with some substances of crust. Intrusion of alkaline rocks is related to the occurrence, development and evolvement of the deep rupture zone in the areas.

稀土、稀有元素主要富集于灰黑色粗面岩中，而在其他岩石类型中相对较少，同时岩石的片理化、黄铁矿化、硅化和碳酸盐化对稀土、稀有元素有进一步的富集作用；提出了本区的碱性岩组合具有次火山岩相的特征，讨论了本区碱性岩的成因，认为其与湖北庙垭地区的碱性岩可能均来自上地幔，并不同程度地混染了大陆壳的物质成分，其形成时代与断裂构造带的发生、发展和演化基本同步。

The type of secondary orthopyroxene, typified by these samples, may be common elsewhere in subcontinental mantle lithosphere affected by asthenospheric upwelling.

Pali Aike地区所见到的这种交代斜方辉石和斜方辉石岩在其他被上涌软流圈影响的陆下岩石圈地幔中可能普遍存在。

The geochemistry, oxygen isotopic composition and biotite composition of the syenite suggest that its rock-forming material was derived from the enriched upper mantle.

渐新世碱性正长岩与中新世钾质火山岩构成了该区碰撞后的构造岩浆组合，是在印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的岩石圈加厚及高原隆升的基础上，岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上涌导致富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融所形成的。

A harzburgite xenolith sample from Paleogene basalts in Shuangliao area of Jilin Province records the information of upper mantle metasomatism.

吉林双辽地区古近纪玄武岩中－方辉橄榄岩包体记录了上地幔交代作用的信息。

All results above account for that CO_2 gas in Jiyang Sag have multi origin and mainly abiogenetic, and mantle is the dominating source, a few may come from biogenesis; and in the process of gas pools forming, some mantle CO_2 lost by converted to CH4 or carbonate, some crust CO_2 added into the gas pools; CO_2 gas pools in Huagou district have particular geochemical character, maybe there were some decarbonated CO_2 added into the gas pools, need further research work.

以上种种特征都说明，济阳坳陷非烃类气藏中气体具有多来源的特征，但CO_2主体是无机成因，并主要来自地幔，少量来自有机成因；在成藏过程，幔源CO_2通过转变为CH_4或者碳酸盐岩而丢失了部分CO_2，壳源CO_2和其它烃类加入到气藏中；花沟地区的气体地球化学特征与众不同，可能存在碳酸盐地层变质脱气产生的CO_2的混入，但具体原因尚待进一步研究。

Taking Bendong and Xiqiu granitic bodies as an example, the thesis expounds geochemical characteristics of mantle-derived type granitoids in Sourthern China in REE and trace elements as follows: lower ∑REE, obvious fractionation of LREE and HREE, negative anomaly of Eu, relative higher ∑LREE/∑HREE,〓 and 〓 ratioes, rich in transitional elements and poor in large-ion lithophile and immobile elements compared with acidite means by Vinogradov. Original mantle-normalized distribution pattern of incompatible elements is one kind of rich -in-strongly incompatible elements type with enrich of K and loss of Sr, P, Ti and trace element association makes a feature of siderophile and chalcophile elements. The tectonomagmatic discriminating shows that mantle -derived granitoids in Southern China belong to orogenic granitoids formed in island arc/marginal sea basin system.

以本洞和西裘岩体为例，论文阐明了华南幔源型花岗岩稀土和微量元素地球化学特征，表现为稀土总量较低，轻重稀土元素分馏明显，负铕异常和∑LREE/∑HREE、〓、〓比值较高，与维氏酸性岩平均值相比华南幔源型花岗岩过渡族元素含量较高而大离子亲石元素和非活动性元素含量较低，不相容元素原始地幔标准化分配型式属强不相容元素富集型并呈K富集而Sr、P、Ti亏损的特点，微量元素组合以亲铁和亲铜元素为特征，构造岩浆判别显示华南幔源型花岗岩属造山花岗岩，其形成构造环境为岛弧/边缘海盆系统。

The confirmation of OIB suggests that Altun area existed paleo-oceanic basin in early Paleozoic, which therefore supports the existence of Hongliugou ophiolite and also implying a mantle plume activity at that time.

OIB的确定说明早古生代初，区内存在古洋盆，从另一个侧面证实红柳沟蛇绿岩的存在，也暗示当时就可能出现地幔热柱活动印记。

Hengshan oval-typed gneisses are the augen, streak and striped gneisses, as a result of the dilatation structures of the parallel shear zone boundary, that is the adding of the mafic intrusive rocks of the mantle materiel, and the part melting and auto differentiation of rocks themselves.

恒山卵形片麻岩区，以平行剪切带边界的扩张构造，即地幔物质镁铁质岩席的添加、岩石自身的熔融和自分异形成的眼球、条纹和条带状片麻岩为特征。

In four-facies peridotite, clinopyroxene contains abundant information concerning partial melting and mantle metasomatism due to its low melting point.

在无水&干&体系的四矿物相橄榄岩中，单斜辉石由于熔点低而通常记录着丰富的部分熔融作用和地幔交代作用信息。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。