地幔岩

A mass of pyrolite xenolith (such as peridotite andpyroxenide) and high-pressure mineral megacrysts (such as anorthoclase, augite and kaersutite)are found in cone sheets and BS volcanic rocks.

锥状岩席和BS火山岩包含有大量的上地幔岩石包体和高压矿物巨晶(歪长石、普通辉石和钛闪石)。

The plates slide on the asthenosphere, a layer of mantle that is so hot, it flows – even though it remains solid.

这些板块在岩流圈上滑动，而这个地幔层非常炙热，即使仍保持固态，但它可以流动。

The mesosphere comprises the rest of the mantle below the asthenosphere.

中间圈包括岩流圈以下地幔的其余部分。

Armed with this information and further analyses, Rumble, lead author Bekker, and colleagues propose the following scenario today in Science . Early in Earth's history, volcanic eruptions spewed massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, where UV sunlight broke down the gas and created the odd sulfur isotope ratios. The sulfur descended with the rain and accumulated into sedimentary beds on the sea floor. Once there, superheated water from geothermal vents at various locations on the sea floor cooked the sulfur into sulfide. Finally, nickel-bearing magma welled up from Earth's mantle, combining with the sulfide to form nickel sulfide and encasing the compound inside volcanic rock called komatiite.

凭借这份资料和进一步的分析，朗布尔、研究论文的第一作者贝克及同事们今天在《科学》杂志上提出了如下的推测：在地球早期的历史上，火山爆发将大量的二氧化硫气体喷射到空中，太阳的紫外线将其分解，产生了奇特的硫同位素比值，这种硫随雨降下，积存于海底沉积层中；一旦到达海底，海底各处的地热出口所产生的温度过高的水把硫加热成硫化物；最终含有镍的岩浆从地幔中涌出，跟硫化物结合形成硫化镍，并将硫化镍包裹在一种叫做"科马提岩"的火山岩中。

In-situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements of enstatite have been studied by using diamond anvil cell with synchrotron radiation and laser heating in the range of 0~23 GPa and

采用同步辐射能量色散X射线衍射技术、激光加热技术和金刚石对顶砧高压装置，在温度为2000 K和压力为23 GPa的范围内，对采自地幔二辉橄榄岩中的顽火斜方辉石，进行了原位的高温高压能量色散X射线衍射测量。

It was concluded that a noble and base metal metaflogenic series was composed of the inner part of BIFs and ferruginous rock series. And mantle plume had close spatio-temporal and genetic relationships with BIFs. In anoxic environment in Precambrian, the anaerobic bacteria would provide oxygen for ferruginous deposition during photosynthesis.

认为BIFs内部以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系均构成贱、贵金属成矿系列；地幔柱与BIFs之间存在密切的时、空和成因联系；在早前寒武纪缺权的环境下，厌氧的细菌类生物通过光合作用为BIFs中铁质沉淀提供了氧。

The coutry rock is banded kynite-eclogite and its protolith is believed to be cumulate gabbro.

斜方辉石残晶的成分具有高Al 和Ca 的特征，与大洋地幔橄榄岩中斜方辉石的成分一致。

The early granite was produced by the tectonic transition from compression to intraplate extension on the western margin of the Yangtze block, whereas the late granodiorite was formed in an intraplate setting and might be related to the Neoproterozoic plume event.

早期的花岗岩形成于扬子地块西缘由会聚挤压向陆内伸展的转折环境，晚期的花岗闪长岩形成于板内环境，很可能与新元古代地幔柱事件有关。

Geological and geochemical features suggest that the bimodal volcanism took place in rift setting of continental margin, basic magma originated from not strongly depleted mantle, and rhyolite derived from the original melt formed by partial melting of granulite facies orthometamorphite in lower crust.

地质和地球化学特征指出吕梁群上部的双峰式火山岩形成于大陆边缘的裂谷环境，其中的玄武质岩浆起源于亏损程度较低的上地幔，并受到了陆壳物质的混染。酸性端元是由下地壳麻粒岩相正变质岩的部分熔融形成。

Some characteristic ratios suggest the picrites and ankaramites were derived from asthenospheric mantle, and high Os/Ir ratios reflect the involvements of pelagic sediments. Pd/Ir versus Ni/Cu diagram implies that the picrites and ankaramites were not primary magmas, but MgO-high basalts with excess olivines, whereas Pd versus Cu diagram suggests a S-undersaturated primary magma.

一些铂族元素的特征比值指示了苦橄岩和富辉玄武岩起源于软流圈地幔，而高的w/w比值则暗示了源区中有深海沉积物的加入。w/w-w/w图解说明本区的苦橄岩不是原始岩浆，而是原始的高镁玄武岩中有过剩橄榄石的加入，而w-w图解则说明原始岩浆硫不饱和。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。