地幔岩

Zhuyangguan -Xiaguan fault zone is a long 40 km translithospheric fracture, on the way fracture appear in public many Yanshanian cycle granite -porphyry and some Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn anomaly and the noplemetal metalliztion developed.

朱阳关-夏馆断裂是一条长约400余km、深达上地幔的超壳断裂，沿断裂出露有较多的燕山期花岗斑岩小岩体及一系列Cu，Au，Ag，Pb，Zn异常，有色金属、贵金属成矿作用发育。

Since olivine is silica-unsaturated, quartz and olivine never coexist in the same rock. Therefore, in mantle peridotite and other ultramafic rocks, primary quartz can never be found.

由于石英和非饱和SiO_2的橄榄石不能共生，因此在地幔橄榄岩和超镁铁岩中不存在原生石英。

Estimated V〓、V〓 data from Kuandian xenoliths, combining with the observed V〓、V〓 data, imply that the composition of the uppermost mantle lithosphere within 40-50km beneath Kuandian may be composed of 50％ spinel peridotite and 50% garnet pyroxenite.

计算了不同产地深源包体的弹性波速V〓、V〓值，将宽甸地区包体波速计算值与实测地震波速资料进行对比，确定了宽甸地区上地幔岩石圈顶部的物质组成大致为50％的尖晶石橄榄岩+50％的石榴石辉石岩。

It shows that the magma forming the syenite in the Luzong basin was derived from a deep source, most likely resulting from the partial melting of an alkali basalts along the deep fault, and obviously contaminated by continental crust material.

反映了庐枞盆地正长岩类成岩物质来源较深，是来自富集地幔的碱性玄武岩浆在沿深大断裂上升侵位过程中，受到部分陆壳物质的混染而成。

After that the territor ial extensional stress field caused by the plates movement and the mantle upheave etc. makes the Yishu fault system keep on cutting downward tend to form rift valley. The tectonism causes the fairly large-scale invasion of the small neutral -partial alkaline rock-bodies and the gold mineralization in the Linyi area.

燕山中期板块俯冲运动和地幔上涌等因素引起的区域性拉张作用使沂沭断裂继续向下深切张裂，向裂谷性质演化，造成沂南、临沂等地区较大规模中性偏碱性次火山岩型小岩体的侵入和火山喷发，在火山机构内或围绕次火山岩小岩体形成与中性偏碱性次火山岩有关的次火山岩型金矿化。

This thesis studies the volcanic tectono-petrofacies, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopic chronology, stratum and high-precision SHRIMP zircon U-Pb datings of the Mt.Yandangshan volcano-intrusive complex, and concludes that: Yandangshan volcanic rock units belong to high-K calc-alkaline acid rock associations, mainly ryholitic and trachytic dacitic in composition. They have A/CNK values of 0.9-1.2 (i.e., aluminium saturation and supersaturation), enriched LREE and LILEs and depleted HFSE. Their 8Eu values are 0.11-0.32, indicating a evident fractional evolution of plagioclase crystallization. Their ∑REE varied very limitedly,(87~Sr/(86)Sri ratios and eNd values are 0.7086～0.7095 and -10.20～-9.96 for volcanic rocks, and 0.7087~0.7095 and -7.6～6.92 for the central intrusive facies syenite, which means that all the igneous rocks from Mt. Yandangshan are evolutional products of magmas with the same source, and that they derived mainly from crust, but mixed with mantle components.

本文从火山构造岩相学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、同位素年代学、地层学等方面出发，同时结合高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年，对雁荡山火山岩进行了系统的研究，确定雁荡山火山岩为一套以流纹质和粗面英安质为主体的高钾钙碱性酸性岩石组合，A/CNK值集中在0.9～1.2之间，为铝饱和或铝过饱和类型；富轻稀土元素和大阳离子亲石元素、相对亏损高场强元素：负铕异常明显，δEu值为0.11～0.32，表明岩浆经历了以斜长石为主的强烈结晶分异作用：岩石样品的∑REE变化有限，火山岩样品的~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7086～0.7095，εNd为-10.20～-9.96，中央侵入体石英正长岩~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7087～0.7095，εNd为-7.6～-6.92，表明它们是同源岩浆分异演化的产物，物质来源主要为陆壳，但有地幔物质参与。

This is an A_1 type granitoid belt, slightly predominated by mantle components. Their source regions are probably mainly the lithospheric mantle and lower crust, which had been metasomatized and enriched so that they could bear OIB characters in trace elements.

这是一个以地幔物质略占优势的A1亚型花岗质杂岩带，其源区物质可能主要是经过交代和富集的具有OIB型微量元素特征的岩石圈地幔和下地壳。

Mafic, ultramafic and/or alkaline volcanic rocks and their entrained mantle peridotitic xenoliths and xenocrysts are known as samples directly from the lithospheric mantle.

基性、超基性火山岩捕获的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体和捕虏晶是直接源自岩石圈地幔的样品。

Combining the available regional geological and geophysical research, the petrogenesis of the magmatism was studied. As a response and absorption to the IndiaAsia collision, the northeastward flow of the asthenosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau along the 400 km depth interface was blocked by the North China craton, and caused a systemic sequences in West Qinling Region, including the strikeslip fault systems and pullapart basins in the shallow crust and the origin of the twotype magmatism in this work in deep lithosphere. This explanation is consistent with the lithology and plumelike geochemical features of the kamafugite and potassic trachybasalt, which are significantly different from the potassic magmatism within the plateau and its adjacent regions.

结合前人对该区深部地球物理和断裂构造的研究，论证了火山岩的起源与成因，指出作为对印度-欧亚大陆强烈碰撞的吸收与调节，高原下软流圈地幔流沿400 km界面向北东方向的侧向流动以及西秦岭周边克拉通块体的阻挡，是形成西秦岭断裂系左行走滑特征和巨大拉分盆地的主要原因，也是导致西秦岭新生代两类钾质火山岩和碳酸岩起源与成因的动力学机制，较好地解释了西秦岭新生代岩浆作用起源深度大，具有地幔柱源的地球化学特征，岩石组合与地球化学有别于高原内部及其周边地区新生代钾质火山岩的原因。

On the other hand, the low-Ti/Y type picrites and low-Ti basalts were also probably derived from the same plume source, but magmas of the low-Ti/Y type picrites most likely experienced a mixture with more than 15% bulk SCLM material; and magams of the low-Ti basalts were probably contaminated with over 15% melt from SCLM.

木里低Ti／Y型苦橄岩具有低的γOs(-4.1～-0.2)和高εNd_(t(+3.2～+6.6)，它们也未受到地壳的混染，Nd-Os同位素二元混合模型表明它们可能是由地幔柱起源的苦橄质原始岩浆混合了15％或更多的SCLM物质形成的；与其共生的低钛玄武岩具有低的γOs(＜0)和低的εNd_(t值，它们可能是由地幔柱起源的玄武质原始岩浆混合了15％或更多的SCLM的熔融物质形成的。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。