地层的

Characteristics of different types of anomalous pressure were documented.

分析了引起地层压力异常的原因，阐述了不同因素引起的压力异常的特征，介绍了测井预测地层压力的等效深度及综合计算2种方法，给出了计算结果与测试结果的对比数据。

A geological time scale based mainly on both biostratigraphy and radiometric dating created stratigraphic refulgence, but at the cost of lowered accuracy and preciseness and weakened function of serving the human society.

以生物地层学为基础并与放射性同位素定年技术相结合建立的、以百万年为计时单位的地质年代表既创造了地层学的辉煌，也在一定程度上降低了地质学对精确数字定年的不懈追求和为人类社会服务的功能。

The thesis is organized as follows:In Chapter 1,a new partial differential equation model for Spontaneous Potential log in heterogeneous formations is introduced.At the same time,the existence and uniqueness of weak solution to the problem are proved,and the problem of resistance identification in SP log is studied.Furthermore,a jump condition capturing finite difference scheme is proposed and applied to solve such elliptic interface problems.The effects of various factors on SP response,which include objective layers resistivity,bed thickness,bore-hole diameter,invasion and water-flooded zones and so on,are investigated quantitatively by the proposed method, and satisfactory results are obtained.

具体安排如下：第一章首先建立复杂地层中自然电位测井的偏微分方程数学模型，证明了该边值问题弱解的存在唯一性，在此基础上研究了自然电位测井电阻率识别问题：然后发展了用于求解椭圆交界面问题的间断捕捉有限差分方法，利用该方法定量分析了目的层电阻率、地层厚度、井径、侵入带和水淹层等因素对自然电位测井响应的影响，取得了满意的结果。

Some methods that are usually used now and their characteristics of bore-hole trajectory are introduced; Analysis the main factors which affect bore-hole trajectory; A model of rock-bit interaction is developed by accounting for the anisotropic drilling characteristics of both the formation and the bit; Base on the model of static behavior of a bottomhole assembly design a bore-hole trajectory; produce a demo of bore-hole trajectory base on 3DS Max.

本论文对井眼轨迹反演理论及方法作了简要的分类，介绍了几种目前常用的井眼轨迹反演方法及其特点；分析了影响井眼轨迹的主要因素；综合考虑地层和钻头的各向异性钻井特性，建立钻头与地层相互作用模型，基于钻柱底部组合力学模型设计出一条井眼轨迹；制作了基于3DS Max的井眼轨迹演示动画。

Saturated brine is a major composition of completing fluid for deep exploration well and has serious causticity for casing.

饱和盐水溶液是针对西北地区复杂地层深探井的特殊地层条件研制的试油完井液体系中的主要成分，溶液中的C l-总含量达186000ppm，并且深探井的井底温度高达120~140℃，这种环境对套管具有极强的腐蚀性。

Seismic formation velocity is one of important parameters for formation pressure prediction ,its precision affect the accuracy of the pressure prediction defectively.

由于地震层速度是地层压力预测的重要参数，其精度直接影响着压力预测的精度，利用测井约束下的波阻抗反演方法将测井、地震和地质解释成果结合获取较高精度的地震层速度，达到提高地层压力预测精度的目的。

The ZOOMLION KSD25 Dry-Wet Horizontally directional Drill is the first drill which drills through hard rock without a bentonite and mud pump. Its pneumatic percussive technology has not only solved the problem of mud pollution, but also has increased its efficiency 40% higher than a normal drill. Additionally, its cost is also much lower, and therefore, it has been considered as a most efficient solution for complicated stratum (including pebble and gravel, backfill and rock).

中联KSD25干湿两用水平定向钻孔机是我国第一台不使用膨润土和泥浆马达就能在硬岩中钻进并导向的钻机，其国际领先的气动冲击钻机技术不但不存在泥浆污染的问题，而且效率比普通钻机提高40％以上，成本也要低廉得多，被公认为目前对付复杂地层（包括卵砾石、回填土和岩石地层）最为有效的方法。2 s# C J， k5 _% C

The main returns are as follows: 1. A set of water-saving, quick and safe rotary percussion self-contained drilling tools and drilling technique used in drought water scarce areas were developed under the new idea combine water-saving drilling with rotary percussion drilling, which includes pneumatic steel ball percussion device used see before formation water and water-saving hydraulic percussion device used see after formation water.

主要研究成果： 1、从&节水钻探&和&回转冲击钻进&相结合的新思路出发，研制了一套适用于干旱缺水地区的节水型回转冲击配套钻具及其钻进工艺方法，包括见到地层水之前使用的球体冲击器及见到地层水之后使用的节水型液动冲击器系统。

The main factor that affects the resolution of seismic prospecting is Earth's absorption and attenuation effect on high frequency signals. Study and calculation of Earth's absorption and attenuation effect show that medium deep and deep reflectors over 135 Hz can not be recorded even by 24-bit seismometers.

地震勘探分辨率不高的主要原因是地层对地震波高频成分的吸收衰减，通过对地层吸收衰减深入的理论计算可知，既便使用 2 4位遥测地震仪，在中深层勘探中也无法记录主频超过 13 5Hz的地震波。

A procedure to build a database by Hood's software is introduced from an example of global Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds. It is suggested that the procession of the database is going to be executed as: new files of stratigraphic sections→taxonomic dictionary files→catalog files→running the software GraphCor-results of database and graphs of correlation + sedimentary data + geochemistry data→composite database. Some discussions on the choice of standard correlation section, first and last occurrence of a taxonomic, update and linkage of data are made.

以全球白垩纪大洋红层为例，介绍了运用GraphCor软件进行地层对比数据库建立的程序：建立剖面文件→建立化石分类单元库文件→建立目录文件→运行GraphCor软件，获得数据库和图示对比结果＋沉积、地球化学信息＋地层柱状图→综合数据库；讨论了有关对比标准参考剖面的选取、分类单元的始现和末现层位、数据库的更新及衔接等问题。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。