地层的

The induced polarization decay curve contains more information than the polarizability. It relates to the pore structure, permeability, formation water resistivity and shality.

激发极化衰减谱比极化率具有更为丰富的储层信息，与地层的孔隙结构、渗透率、地层水电阻率以及泥质含量密切相关。

So, researching the influence to reflection wave features made by the factors, such as sand and mud thin-bedding seismic reflection feature, the thickness of single layer in the thin-bedding group, the thickness of subroutine structure, the number of layers in the thin-bedding group, type of incident wavelet, main frequency, sampling rated has the moment current significance and theoretical significance in the qualitative or quantitative seeking of single layer's thickness or thin layer group's thickness in the thin-bedding and forecast of the space distribution laws of thin reservoirs.

目前我国东部的石油勘探工作已进入精细勘探阶段，如何确定陆相地层中薄储层的空间展布规律及其性质已成为一个亟待解决的问题，由于我国东部的绝大多数中、新生代陆相含油盆地大都以薄层砂、泥岩沉积为主，夹有少量薄层碳酸盐岩、页岩及膏盐层，地层岩性和厚度横向变化均较大，而且这些地层的厚度远远低于常规地震勘探的垂向分辨率，因此，从理论上研究沙泥岩薄互层地震反射特征、薄互层组内的单层厚度、子结构厚度、互层组内层数、入射子波类型、主频、采样率等各种因素对反射波特征的影响，将对我们定性或定量求取薄互层组中各单层厚度或薄层组的厚度、预测薄储层的空间展布规律有一定的理论和现实意义。

Based on the date of outcrop, log and lithology, sequence stratigraphic division and correlation were made on Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin, and high-precision geologic correlation framework was built up in the basin.2. In the term of sedimentary features of Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin, lateral variation of sedimentary facies was studied selectively in Benxi-Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation, Lower Shihezi Formation, Upper Shihezi Formation and Shiqianfeng Formation. Lithofacies paleographic features and the sedimentary evolutionary process of Late Paleozoic in south of North China Basin were worked also.3. On the basis of sand-bodies Isopach figure drawing, the distribution of major reservoir sand-bodies of Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin was studied. Basing on the distribution of sand-bodies in sequence stratigraphic framework, combining the development and distribution features of barrier and underwater distributary channel, there is a disquisition on the distribution regularity of pay reservoir sand-bodies of Neopaleozoic in this area.

以露头、测井和岩性资料为基础，对华北盆地南部上古生界进行了层序地层的划分与对比工作，建立了盆地范围内的高精度地层对比格架。2、根据华北盆地南部上古生界的沉积特点，按本溪组—太原组、山西组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组和石千峰组5个层组分别开展了沉积相的横向变化对比研究，并以此为基础探讨了华北盆地南部晚古生代的岩相古地理特征及其沉积演化过程。3、以编制砂体等厚图的方式研究了华北盆地南部上古生界主要储集砂体的平面展布规律，并以层序地层格架下的砂体展布研究为基础，从沉积体系控制下的砂体分布特点出发，结合障壁岛与水下分流河道的发育与分布特点，系统深入地开展了区内上古生界有利储集砂体的分布规律研究。

It can not only offer more correct values of reservoir parameters, such as porosity, saturability, permeability, and the depth and pressure of the oil formation, but also provide significant information about complex reservoirs with fractures, pores and thin beds.

成像测井技术与一般测井技术相结合，不仅能更准确地确定油气藏参数，如孔隙度、饱和度、渗透率、油气层厚度和地层压力等，而且还能为裂缝、孔洞、薄互层等非均质性复杂地层的解释与评价提供信息。

As the layer is shortened by progressive increments of 0.25km, the zones of plastic failure extend until throughgoing failure of the layer eventually occurs. When this stage is reached, subsidence of the basin slows down and finally stops.

随着每次以0.25km位移增量逐渐挤压地层，塑性破裂区扩大，直至挤压位移至约5.5km时，出现了破裂切穿整个地层的现象。

It is helpful to removing the particles of blocking flow channel, reducing formation damage and improving underbalance perforation.Perforating-well testing operation is performed at a pressure higher than the minimum underbalance.

在大于最小测试压差下进行射孔测试联合作业，有利于堵塞地层的细小微粒返排出来，减少地层损害，提高负压射孔效果。

According to the grey theory,a new method of pore pressure prediction for undrilled formation beneath the bit was offered in the thesis,and a grey model of formation pore pressure prediction while drilling was es.

文章以灰色理论为基础，提出了钻头下部未钻开地层的孔隙压力预测新方法，建立了地层孔隙压力随钻预测灰色模型群。

Formation damage can be minored by using CO2 foam fracturing fluid as it has low filtration, high flowback and good compatibility with formation fluids.

由于CO2泡沫压裂液具有滤失量低、返排能力强、与地层流体配伍性良好等优点，采用CO2泡沫压裂技术，可减小压裂液对地层的伤害。

Based on the early geologic studies, more integrated strata units and frame was established in Yunnan and Guizhou. The characteristic of macroscopical lithofacies and paleogeography was also raveled basically in this area. It was ascertained that some perfect developed PTB sections from marine via paralic to terrestrial facies lie in western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan. What's more, the stratigraphic sequence of Marine PTB or Terrestrial PTB across the PTB in this area is similar to that of the Meishan Section.

通过早期地质研究，在我国云南、贵州地区基本建立了比较完整的地层单位与格架，也基本弄清了该区的宏观岩相古地理特征，明确了黔西滇东地区存在发育完整的从海相—海、陆交互相—陆相的二叠系—三叠系界线剖面，而且该区海、陆相界线地层序列与浙江长兴煤山全球界线层型剖面具有一定的相似特征，使得在该区开展陆相二叠系—三叠系界线剖面的高精度划分和海、陆界线地层的高精度对比均成为可能。

Strontium isotope stratigraphy relies on the fundamental principle that the marine strontium is isotopically homogenous world-wide at any time and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of strontium in seawater of geological history has varied through time. By means of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of marine carbonate which should record the original composition of sea water, we can date the marine sediments, research global events, such as history of basin subside, sea level change, orogenic events and palaeoclimate variation.

锶同位素地层学根据地质历史中的任何时间全球范围内海水的德同位素组成都是均一的、海水87Sr/86Sr比值随时间变化这一基本原理，利用代表原始海水的海相碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr比值确定海相地层的年代，研究海平面变化、造山运动、古气候等全球事件，在地层学、沉积学、石油地质学和矿床学等领域中有着广泛的应用前景。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失