地层的

Secondly the sedimentary characteristics of Caledonian strata in Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi suggested that there is not discontinuity of facies on both sides of Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault Zone, which is considered to be Caledonian suture zone of Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block, but the interdigitation, continuity of facies or assuming the united paleogeographic unit.

得出该结论的证据主要有两方面：①湘桂赣地区加里东期花岗岩体呈面状展布，且地球化学测试结果表明为壳源S型花岗岩，这些特征与洋壳消亡形成的花岗岩体无论在分布特征还是在地球化学特征上都有显著的差别；②湘桂赣地区加里东期地层的沉积古地理特征研究表明在目前多数人公认的扬子与华夏的缝合带，即江绍断裂带两侧的加里东期沉积物不存在两大古地理体系的截然跳相现象，而是表现为两侧沉积相带的指状交叉、过渡或呈现为完全相同、统一的岩相古地理单元。

By the research on the high coalrank coalbed methane reservoir of the Qinshui basin including the study of the coalbed thermal evolution level, the temperature and pressure of inclusion in calcite or quartz reef in coalbearing strata, the palaeogeothermal analysis of the fission track of apatite and zircon, the anogenic isotopic age, and the geothermal flux caused by magmatic activity, we have proved the existence of the tectonic thermal event.

通过对沁水盆地高煤阶煤层气藏的实例进行剖析，从煤层的热演化程度，煤系地层的方解石脉、石英脉体中的包裹体温度和压力，磷灰石、锆石的裂变径迹古地温分析，中生代火成岩的同位素年龄，岩浆活动产生的大地热流值方面证明了构造热事件的存在。

In order to select optimal grid and good computation efficiency to recover the entire signal, aiming at the Ricker wavelet commonly used in forward modeling, we analyzed the alias and signal restoration problem in finite-difference method based on spatial sampling theorem and seismic wave traveling regulation in media with different velocity, to derive quantitative relationship among the modeling grid size, minimum velocity of model layer, and recovered main frequency of wavelet.

为了选择最佳的网格尺寸以及以最小的计算量完整地恢复出信号，针对地震波场正演模拟中经常使用的Ricker子波，根据空间采样定理和地震波在不同速度介质中的传播规律，分析了有限差分算法中的假频和信号恢复问题，推导出模拟网格尺寸、模型地层的最小速度和能够恢复的子波主频之间的近似定量关系，并用数值算例验证了这一关系。

Part 2 analyses the basis of researches on environmental evolution, which includes sedimental features, pollen analysis, archeological sites and historical data, and etc.

第二章，通过对本区地层的沉积特征的对比和孢粉分析，运用环境磁学的方法，确定沉积物的沉积速率，并结合考古遗迹和历史文献的收集与整理，在综合研究的基础上，建立本区历史环境变迁的基本数据库和研究的依据。

In America, Russia, Japanese and other countries, this method has been taken research for more than thirty years, much first-hand data has obtained during the experiment and usage, great achievements has gotten in the aspect of subterrene theory, drills' structure, etc. Especially in Russia, research on subterrene drills applied on low melting point stratum got big success already.

美、俄、日等国开展热熔法研究已有三十多年的历史，在热熔钻的试验及使用过程中获得了大量的第一手资料，在热熔理论、热熔钻具结构研究等方面取得了很大的成就，尤其是前苏联在针对低融点地层的热熔钻具的研究方面取得了圆满的结论。

Regarding the density data and acoustic data in logging material as restriction, it also establishes undrilled district log through model seismic inverse, then, calculates elastic constant of rocks, density constant of rocks and even the profile of the following three pressures (pore pressure, caving pressure, fracture pressure). In the end, this thesis can determine safe drilling mud density windows, provide reference for drilling design, guides safe drilling and decreases the occurrence of accident.

将测井资料中的密度数据或是声波数据作为约束条件，通过模型地震反演，构建待钻区域的测井曲线，从而可以用理论和处理手段上比较成熟的测井分析的方法，进行岩石弹性和强度参数的计算，计算地层的三个压力(孔隙压力、坍塌压力、破裂压力)剖面，最终确定安全钻井液密度窗口，为钻井设计提供参考，指导安全钻井，减少钻井事故。

The analysis result shows that the basement fault anomalies control a few major large hidden batholiths and their associated orefieldsthat the anomalies of cover structure confine most Cu-Au deposits and Fe-Cu deposits within their scopethat the geochemical anomalies and lithofacies-paleogeographical anomalies are major geological factors leading to trataboundness of some Cu-Au depositsthat the anomalies of rock operties provide the favorable chemical and physical conditions for the ore-forming process, including the seepage, circulation,convergence and deposit of ore-bearing hydrothermal solutionthat the anomalous ctive stage of Mesozoic magmatite is almost consistent with the major mineralization epoch of the Fe,Cu deposits, and the structure of multi-levels,and the zoning in magmatic system determine the spatial distribution of the mineralization system.

由分析可知基底断裂异常控制了本区若干重要规模较大的隐伏岩基及伴生矿田，而盖层构造异常控制铜金矿床和铁铜矿床的空间位置地层的地球化学异常和岩相古地理异常是造成一些铜金矿床层控性的主要地质因素盖层的岩性异常为含矿热液的渗流、循环、聚集和矿质沉淀等一系列成矿作用提供了有利的物理和化学条件中生代岩浆岩的异常活动期也是本区主要的铁铜成矿期，岩浆岩系统的多层分枝和分带性结构控制了本区成矿系统的三维空间分布。

Due to the over-exploitation of groundwater, subsidence occurred which threaten the development of economy and people's life. It's very important to inspect the structure of water-bearing layer, the distribution of strata and the processing of subsidence.

地下水的长期过量开采导致了苏锡常地区的地面沉降，引发了严重的地质灾害，威胁人民的生活安全，影响了该地区经济的发展；因此，查明含水层结构及各地层的分布规律，研究地面沉降的发生发展过程和机理甚为重要。

Analysis indicates that there is little difference in the displacement of tunnel and well control of stratum displacement by both methods. Plastic zone develops more obviously above the tunnel side by CRD method and is larger by CRD method than by dual sidewall guide pit method. It is comparatively obvious that the plasticity district develops in the side direction of the tunnel by dual sidewall guide pit method and the leading influence distance is also longer than that by CRD method. The development speed of plasticity district is comparatively fast in the range of the leading 3~6 m in CRD tunnel and 0~3 m in sidewall guide pit tunnel. There are different advantages by both methods for passing through sand layer.

结果表明，采用这2种工法时引起的隧道变形相差不是很大，都能较好地控制地层的变形；采用CRD法时产生的塑性区较双侧壁法大，且向隧道侧上方发展较为明显；采用双侧壁法时产生的塑性区在隧道侧向发展较为明显，超前影响的距离也大于CRD法；采用CRD法时的塑性区在超前3~6m的范围内发展速度较快；采用双侧壁法时的塑性区在超前0~3 m的范围内发展速度较快；对于隧道穿越砂层而言，2种工法各有优势。

In order to describe in detail the structure of mesoscale atmosphere circulation and its evolution, symmetry theory are extensively used in the past fifty years. A large number of wind tunnel and water tank experiments are practiced to reshow the physical process that often appear in the atmosphere and, to some extent, successfully explain many atmsophere circulation characters in surface layer. But because of the planetary reflection and small Re number deformation, these physical experiments can' t represent real conditions of the atmosphere, they also can' t distinct viscous boundary layer separation and non-viscous dynamical separation as well as show the circulation response to surface diurnal heating.

为了详细描述复杂地形区域大气中尺度环流的结构和特征，过去50年来人们广泛采用相似理论，利用风洞和水槽实验再现大气中的物理过程，并在一定程度上成功地给出了大气近地层的一些环流特征，然而由于边界层反射和小Re数形变作用的影响，物理实验的结果并不能真实地再现大气中的实际状况，尤其是不能正确区别边界粘性分离流场和大气非粘性动力分离气流，环流场对地形下垫面日周期热强迫的响应过程也难以再现。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失