地层的

The stress distribution on the wall of directional well is analysed, and a borehole stability model for the formation with dip angle in directional well is established. The influences of dip angle and trend on borehole stability are discussed.

建立了弱面地层数学模型，分析了斜井井壁岩石应力状态，推导出了井壁岩石最大主应力与低强度地层法向夹角的计算公式，建立了用于大倾角地层钻井液密度安全下限的力学模型，详细分析了倾斜地层的倾角和走向对井壁稳定性的影响。

This paper probed into the sea-level changes from the latest Ordovician to the earliest Silurian and thesubdivision of the Ordovician-Silurian boundary based on the study of biostratigraphy, chemical stratigraphyand sequence stratigraphy.

本文通过生物地层、化学地层和层序地层的研究，对晚奥陶世晚期至志留纪初期的海平面变化以及奥陶／志留系界线的划分进行了探讨。

The evolutionary model organic beach or reef reservoir, controlling factors of which are sedimentation, digenesis and tectonics ,are established according to the result of sedimentary facies and digenesis. At last regional distribution of reservoir has been predicted. Comprehensive study indicates the dark, 50-300 m thick upper Permian series, which is rich in the organic material and biota , is beneficial to formation and protection of petroleum and natural gas. Moreover the stratigraphy possess with better reservoir ability. The reservoir distributed in shallow glacis along Beichuan Tongkou - Guangyuan Changjianggou ,He 12 well - She 1 well - Jiange - Cangxi Yongningpu -Long 4 well - Bian 1 well in Wujiaping stage and in platform edge beach along Beichuan Tongkou - Jiangyou Shuigentou - Jiange -Cangxi Yongningpu - Nanjiang .

综合以上，本文认为研究区上二叠统地层厚50—300m，颜色较深、生物含量多、富含有机质，并且该套地层自形成后，大多直接进入埋藏成岩环境，是一套十分有利于油气的形成与保存的地层；同时该套地层的局部层段具有一定的储集性能，在吴家坪期储层主要分布在北川通口—广元长江沟、河12井—射1井—剑阁—苍溪永宁铺—龙4井—扁1井一带，在长兴期储层主要分布在北川通口—江油水根头—剑阁—苍溪永宁铺—南江一线。

Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Beijing,China,100009Abstract The sedimentary characteristics and facies ofthe cultural layers in the late Paleolithic period of the late Late－Pleistocene in theWangfujing Oriental Plaza site were studied based on the comparison and analysis of thetypical sedimentation profile of the site and more than 150 stratigraphic data.The paleo－geomorphicsurfaces during the periods of 2.2×104a B.P.were rediscovered.The studysuggests that the ancients must have acted in the sandy islands of alluvial fans,whichwere evolved in relatively steady water flows during the interglacial stage with slightlywarming in the last glacial epoch.

沉积相与古地貌研究徐海鹏莫多闻岳升阳朱忠礼郁金城摘要：通过对遗址地层典型沉积剖面和遗址地区150余个地层资料的对比分析，揭示了北京王府井东方广场晚更新世晚期旧石器人类遗址地层的沉积特征与沉积相类型，从而恢复了距今2.2万年前人类在此生存活动的古地貌面。

This paper analyzes log responses of tight formation s and tight gas reservoirs, correlates vertical formations in a same well and lateral formations in different wells and intra-formational response as well, uses graphic calibration method, analyzes the characteristics of logging curves of tight formation s from different perspectives, and thus determines gas potential of tight formation .

在对致密地层和致密气层测井响应特征进行分析的基础上，利用同井纵向对比观察、不同井横向对比观察、层内对比观察分析及图形刻度显示法，从不同角度分析了致密地层测井曲线的变化特征，进而确定了致密地层的含气性，取得了较好效果。

Under the function of semipermeable membrane, a reasonable adjust of the drilling fluid activity to be less than formation water activity will transfer water from formation to drilling fluid because of the existence of osmosis pressure.

在半透膜的作用下，适当调整钻井液的活度小于地层水的活度，渗透压会使地层中的水向钻井液运移，避免或减少因钻井液向地层运移而产生的负面影响，对地层的稳定起到积极作用。

The time span of the Xiaochaka Formation has also been constrained by related biostratum in present paper. It is inferred that the age of volcanism in the Nadi Kangri Formation is probably occurred between the Late Triassic Norian and Rhaetian, prior to the previous age-constraint of this Formation.

运用已有的生物地层资料确定肖茶卡组地层的沉积时间(晚三叠世诺利期-瑞替期)，从而推测那底岗日组火山岩形成时代略晚于这个时间，很可能早于前人关于该套地层的时代认识。

The writer simplifies and induces thin-bedding medium in the East of China to several seismogeologic models: wedge model; thin-bedding group in which two mediums have equal thickness, thin-bedding group in which two mediums have not equal thickness and formations whose thickness orderly gradates from top to bottom.

本文通过对某油田的若干口钻井的测井曲线和岩性资料进行分析研究，认为我国东部油区的薄互层地层的地质特征为：①大多数地层为低于目前地震勘探分辨率的薄层或超薄层；②地层在横向上相变剧烈；③地层结构具有多种类型。

There are three basic lithologic semantic relations between adjacent boreholes, which are respectively corresponding, including and pinching-out relations.

相邻钻孔之间细节地层的岩性连接有对应、包含和尖灭3种，基于地层属性及其语义关系的地层连接关系推理有6种基本模式，设计了相应的地层连接推理算法。

In practical study, the essential flow is""on the basis of the study of the faults, strata denuded thickness and original thickness, analyzing the controlling effect of the faults to the sedimentation and denudation, and combined with the areal geology background, reconstructing the basin prototype of each stage"". 2. As the basic theories and methods of the calculation of the denuded thickness, such as, the methods of cosmogenic nuclides, wave equation, apatite fission track, structural sections, acoustic wave, vitrinite reflection, etc, were argued detailedly , and their applicable ranges were analyzed , the denuded strata thickness of each structural layer layer of pre-Tertiary was reconstructed.

对宇宙成因核素法、波动方程法、裂变径迹分析法、构造横剖面法、声波时差法、镜质体反射率法等计算剥蚀量方法的基本原理进行充分论证、改进，分析了各方法的适用范围，在此基础上，综合充分运用上述方法，计算了济阳坳陷前第三系各构造层在不同时期的剥蚀量，绘制了中生代时期古生界顶面的地层剥蚀量等值线图、新生代时期古生界顶面的地层剥蚀量等值线图、白垩纪沉积时侏罗系剥蚀等值线图、新生代沉积期白垩系剥蚀等值线图、新生代沉积期侏罗系剥蚀等值线图等图件，并通过对古生界地层的热变质程度分析，确定了有1500～2000m的早、中三叠世的原始沉积地层在晚三叠世被剥蚀殆尽。3。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失