地层

With the application of concept and method of programme stratigraphy and event stratigraphy,starting with the research for the cycle sediment,where the cyclothem of sequence of the outcropping stratum of mesoproteroxoic and neoproteroxoic era grade may be classificated into four different grade there occur from old to new one in Fangjinshan monutain group,one in Xiajiang group the same as one first stratum,and two in Sinian system involving Ti...

应用层序地层学及事件地层学的概念和方法，从沉积旋回的研究入手，首次在该区出露的中、新元古代地层中划分出 4个不同级别的旋回层，即梵净山群 1个(相当于 1个一级层序)、下江群 1个(相当于 1个一级层序)、震旦系 2个(即铁丝坳组—大塘坡组和南沱组—灯影组，相当于 2个二级层序)。

Dawsonite of Mesozoic strata in Northeast China and adjacent area distribute in Lower Cretaceous strata from Hailaer basin,Tamtsag basin, Erlian basin, Kailu basin and Fuxin basin, and Upper part of Lower Cretaceous and Lower part of Upper Cretaceous from southern Songliao basin.

东北及邻区中生代地层中的片钠铝石分布于海拉尔盆地、塔木察格盆地、二连盆地、开鲁盆地和阜新盆地的早白垩世地层及松辽盆地南部的早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期地层中。

The selection of geological prospecting in different stages(initial-prospecting, detailed-prospecting)(2)the selection of geological prospecting in the deep-laid and shallow-laid of tunnel project (3)the selection of geological prospecting of tunnel projecting in different geological conditions Finally, the author summed up main problems needing to be solved in tunnel engineering geological prospecting as follow:(1)differentiate stratum and find out the depth and thickness of different stratums in the tunnel section (2)find out geological structure and existence situation of fault, broken zone and weak plane (3)find out weathering level of bed rock to classify surrounding rock combining speed materials (4)differentiate stratum structure of the entrance of tunnel to judge the stability of it (5)find out existence situation and performance of ground water (6)situations of other harmful geological phenomenon In view of above problems and classification of surrounding rock, the author showed principles of rational choosing of methods in geological prospecting and counted disperse range of physical character parameter value in different petrosal character, getting achievements as follow:(1)summarization of effect, merits and demerits of different geological prospecting methods in the tunnel geological investigation (2)method selection and arrangement principle of tunnel engineering geological prospecting in different geological conditions and prospecting stages (3)According to previous experience and cases, the author concluded the物性parameters most in use ,and showed the basis of selecting geological prospecting methods in different geological conditions.

论文中用几个应用实例来说明：(1)不同勘察阶段物探工作的选用；(2)深埋、浅埋隧道工程物探工作的选用；(3)不同地质条件隧道工程物探工作的选用。最后总结归纳出隧道工程物探所需要解决的问题主要有：(1)划分地层，查明隧道通过剖面的各地层深度与厚度。(2)查明地质构造，隧道轴线段有无断层、破碎带、软弱层面等。(3)查明基岩风化程度，从而结合速度资料进行围岩分级。(4)划分洞口地层结构，判断洞口稳定性。(5)查明地下水赋存情况及其活动动态。(6)其他不良地质现象存在情况。针对上述需要查明的地质问题与计算围岩分级情况，论文提出合理选用物探方法的原则，并统计了物性参数值在不同岩性中的分布范围。得出以下研究成果：(1)总结出各物探方法在隧道地质调查中的作用和优缺点。(2)得出不同地质条件下和不同勘察阶段，隧道工程物探方法选择和布置的原则。(3)根据以往工作经验和事例，对常用的物性参数进行了归纳总结，同时介绍了不同地质条件下物探方法选择的依据。

The interpretation of a typical sub-bottom profile reveals that the diapir of the Yellow River delta resulted from the interior deformation of soft prodelta layers at the delta front.

高分辨率黄河三角洲典型的地震地层和解释地层剖面、浅地层剖面和钻孔资料联合解释表明，海底刺穿的发源层来自于河口沙坝下部的前三角洲相软弱层变形。

Not sufficient datum and disrelation of criterion of stratigraphic classification was offered in Region of interest because of individual development a few years ago.

研究区以前归个人开发，资料不全，地层划分标准不统一，本次克服各种困难，首次详细地将本区延安组和延长组地层应用统一标准划分为延8、延9~1、延9~2、延10~1、延10~2、长1、长2~(1-1)、长2~(1-2)、长2~(1-3)、长2~2、长2~3共计11个小层，建立了全区详细的地层格架；2。

Flow is then stopped, and if the formation has sufficient permeability, the formation will flow to equilibrate the tester with the bulk of the formation.

流动然后停止，而且如果地层有足够的渗透率，地层将会流动，以平衡测试器和地层体积。

With the investigation of the domestic and foreign literature systematically, the bases on the domestic and foreign present research and the comprehensive utilizations of the various knowledge of fluid mechanics in porous medium, reservoir engineering, mathematical physics, perforation completion, numerical simulation and so on, this article takes numerical simulation of gas reservoir of water solubility as the research aim which has completed following research works and obtained the corresponding research results: it analyzes the nature of the Water-soluble gas and formation water as well as the influent factors of the solubility through the study of massive materials; It establishes mathematical models three-dimension, the dual medium, the gas-water phase through the way of finite difference in the migration of water-soluble gas, which describes the entire process of release, migration and production in formation, where it considered the problems of variable bubble point; According to the numerical models of gas reservoir of water solubility it provides solution procedure that based on black oil model; It discovers that there will obtain the good effects in the lowly speed of development through simulation; the reinjection of formation water may largely enhance the produce degree of water-soluble gas when we consider reinjection in simulator; It considered the influence of perforated completion on development so as to increase the simulator"s versatility, It discovers that the simulator may reflect the conditions of development when we exanimate he simulator"s reliability with the empirical datum.

本文以水溶性气藏数值模拟研究为研究目标，在系统调研国内外文献、深入分析国内外研究现状的基础上，综合利用渗流力学、油气藏工程、数学物理方法、射孔完井以及数值模拟理论等多方面的知识，完成了以下研究工作并取得相应的研究成果；①通过对大量的资料调研，分析了水溶气、地层水性质、储层地质性质以及影响气体在水中溶解度的因素。②考虑到由于高压产生的大量水力裂缝，采用有限差分方法建立水溶气运移的三维、双重介质、气-水两相全隐式数学模型，该模型描述了水溶气在地层中的释放、运移和采出的整个过程。③在原有黑油模型的基础上，根据水溶性气藏数值模型编制了该数值模型的求解程序，该程序可以求解单重、双重介质两种情况。④通过模拟不同开采速度对水溶气开发效果的影响，发现开采速度较慢的时候可以取得较好的开采效果。⑤在模拟器中考虑了注水对水溶性气藏开发的影响，地层水回注可以大幅度提高水溶气的采出程度。⑥为增加模拟器的通用性，在模拟器中考虑了射孔完井方式对开采的影响。⑦检验模拟器计算的可靠性，发现在使用实验数据对水溶性气藏进行模拟时，模拟器可以很好的反映气藏开发的状态。

Under the guidance of the principle and method of seismic sedimentology, we analyze the planar facies map with seismic information based on single-well facies, fetch the information of isochronal stratum unit with the technology of stratal slicing, and research on the planar facies distribution and the evolution history of different stratum unit using various seismic attributes.

以地震沉积学的原理及方法为指导，以单井相分析为基础，将地震高阶信息应用于沉积相平面分析；利用地层切片技术在地震数据体中提取等时地层单元信息，结合各种地震属性参数的分布研究不同地层单元的沉积相分布及其演化史。

This dissertation draw a conclusion that the deposition of rift basin in early Neoproterozoic in eastern Guizhou consisted of three lithostratigraphic units in Xiang-Qian-Gui rift basin, not only developed typical Banxi Group, but also deposited grayish green Xiajiang Group with flysch suite in eastern Guizhou, and Danzhou group like in Northern Guangxi, by studying depositional sequences, sedimentary systems, depositional lithofacies and paleo-geography, sequence stratigraphy, event stratigraphy (analyzing the stages of volcanic events) and the stratigraphic correlation between Xiajiang group and the other Group in adjacent region and so on, on the basis of predecessors\' data and achievement in scientific research.

本文在前人资料和研究成果的基础上，通过对黔东新元古代早期沉积盆地沉积序列、沉积体系、沉积岩相古地理、层序地层、事件地层等研究以及下江群与邻区地层的对比分析，认为黔东新元古代裂谷系早期沉积涵盖了湘黔桂裂谷盆地三个岩群，不仅有典型的板溪群沉积，也有本区域的下江群灰绿色复理石沉积和桂北丹洲群的沉积存在。

It was the first time the sequence stratigraphy study had been done all across Naimanqi Depression. Jiufotang Formation of Naimanqi Depression was divided into two third-class sequences (SQ1 and SQ2) and five system tracts (SQ1 has LST, TST and HST; SQ2 has TST and HST), and in High System Tract of SQ2, two fourth-class sequences were defined (Ssq1 and Ssq2).2. According to the analysis of core and logging data, we considered that it is the delta fan facies and established the electrofacies model.3. The distribution of reservoir sand bodies had been predicted in the areas without well data by combining the methods of sequence stratigraphy and reservoir inversion. In addition, we summarized the method and process of combining geology and geophysics to predict reservoirs and we made a good prediction by applying it.4. Combining with sequence and depositional types, sandstone thicknesses and reservoir properties, based on Petrel Software platform, we used fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively evaluate reservoirs and define favorable areas. We classified the reservoirs in Naimanqi Depression into five types (TypeⅠ, TypeⅡ, TypeⅢ, TypeⅣand TypeⅤ) and pointed out four favorable areas: Block Nai 1, Block of western Naican 1-Zhangjia Depression, Block Nai 6 and Block of Xinfa-Zhangjia Depression.

其主要创新点如下：1、首次在整个奈曼旗凹陷范围内进行了层序地层学的研究，将奈曼旗凹陷九佛堂组地层分为2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2)和5个体系域(SQ1由LST、TST和HST组成，SQ2由TST和HST组成)，并在SQ2的高位体系域中又识别出两个四级层序(Ssq1和Ssq2)。2、根据岩芯分析和测井资料识别，定义了研究区扇三角洲沉积相类型，并建立了测井相模板。3、通过层序地层学的研究，结合储层反演，对奈曼旗凹陷层序格架内没有井的区域进行了储层砂体的空间展布预测，并总结了地质-地球物理综合储层预测的方法与思路流程，在应用中取得了良好的预测效果。4、结合层序、沉积类型、砂岩厚度和储层物性等方面，以Petrel软件为基础平台，利用模糊数学的方法进行储层综合评价及有利区划分，将奈曼旗凹陷储层划分为五个级别(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类)，并预测了四个有利区块，分别为：奈1区块、奈参1西-张家洼子区块、奈6区块和新发-张家洼子区块

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失