地层

The correlation between the macro fluid flowing properties in porous media and the micro dynamic characteristics of the particies was established and this made it is possible to predict the injectivity decline due to fines migration. So an important progress was made in this area.

本文提出的问题及对其初步认识对油田注水中水质控制防止地层伤害具有重要指导意义，这方面的研究有待进一步深入与完善。

Because of the factors of isotopic contamination, unreasonable pipe structure of water injection wells, existence of big pore formation,cement channeling and poor well performance, the well logging data of injectivity profile accuracy is influenced.

由于同位素污染、注水管柱结构不合理、存在大孔道地层、固井窜槽和井况变差等因素，影响了吸水剖面测井资料的准确性。

Aimed at current situation of our country oil-gas field exploitation, and based on the damage mechanism knowledgement and research of reservoir permeability in the course of produced water reinjection, and its effects for the injectivity of water-injection well, The paper makes the theory and experiment study for the injectivity damage of the water-injection well caused by suspended solid particals in reinjection water and water-oil mobility discrepancy.

本文针对我国水驱油田开发现状，在深入认识和研究产出水回注对地层渗透能力损害机理及其对注水井注入能力影响的基础上，对由回注水中固相悬浮颗粒及水油流度差异造成的注水井注入能力损害进行了理论和实验研究。

Because of the advantages of low cost price, strong adaptability, simple manipulation and innocuousness (when in the stratums and any other surroundings), this technique have been accepted by countries all around the world.

该项技术以其成本低、适应性强、作业简单、对地层无伤害和无环境问题等优势，已经为世界各国所广泛接受。

The kernel point of the mountainous area high dip angle strata 3D seismic data processing is how to solve 3D reflection surface element divergence ,to increase reflection surface element trace gather inphase stack .

山地大倾角地层的三维地震资料处理的核心问题是如何解决3D反射面元发散，增加反射面元内道集同相叠加，而静校正技术和偏移成像技术正是解决这一问题的关键技术。

Secondly the sedimentary characteristics of Caledonian strata in Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi suggested that there is not discontinuity of facies on both sides of Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault Zone, which is considered to be Caledonian suture zone of Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block, but the interdigitation, continuity of facies or assuming the united paleogeographic unit.

得出该结论的证据主要有两方面：①湘桂赣地区加里东期花岗岩体呈面状展布，且地球化学测试结果表明为壳源S型花岗岩，这些特征与洋壳消亡形成的花岗岩体无论在分布特征还是在地球化学特征上都有显著的差别；②湘桂赣地区加里东期地层的沉积古地理特征研究表明在目前多数人公认的扬子与华夏的缝合带，即江绍断裂带两侧的加里东期沉积物不存在两大古地理体系的截然跳相现象，而是表现为两侧沉积相带的指状交叉、过渡或呈现为完全相同、统一的岩相古地理单元。

In a comprehensive study of various macro-and micro-heterogeneous reservoir parameters on the basis of the reservoir quality, we launched a comprehensive evaluation to determine the evaluation criteria. The reservoir quality in 2+3 was divided into three types. The research shows that distribution of interlay and insulating layer is controlled by sedimentary microfacies. The developmental stages and the size of the sedimentary microfacies determine the plane and the vertical distribution of interlay and insulating layer.

本研究运用高分辨率层序地层学的原理和方法，从油田生产的实际需要开发，将双河油田Ⅶ下单元的14个小层，重新划分为31个；在综合研究各种储层宏观和微观非均质性参数对储层质量影响的基础上，开展了储层多参数综合评价，对Ⅶ下单元的隔夹层进行研究，绘制了各小层的平面分布图，并对Ⅶ下单元的31个活动单元划分为4种类型，在平面上画出了所有小层的评价图。

Taking intermittent test production well as studied objective, by arranging former test production data and using initial producing data acquired at intermittent process, formation parameter s at two stages of testing and intermittent test production periods for natural potential and reformed wells are compared and analyzed and forecasting method is studied.

以间歇试采井为研究对象，对以往试采井资料进行整理，利用间歇生产过程中录取到的原始生产资料，对自然产能和压裂改造的生产井在试油、间歇试采两阶段得到的地层参数进行对比和分析，研究出间歇方式的采油井、试采井的产能预测方法。

Only connected interstices can act as elementary conduits within the formation.

在地层内只有连通的空隙才能起导水通道的作用。

But the strata with high ground water level are composed of alluvium clays、 silty clay、 gravels and crushed stone soils in Chengdu;And the shield will drive in the interzone with complicated geologic environment, especially in the strata contained more than 50 percent of grav

而成都地铁工程将主要穿越由冲积粘性土、粉土、砂砾和碎石类土组成的覆盖层，地下水位高，盾构将通过大量地质条件和环境条件均极为复杂的区间，特别是地层中还夹杂有大漂石、胶结砾石层、粉细砂透镜体，隧道围岩中直径大于5cm的砾石含量一般都在50%以上，最大的漂石直径达1m左右，且地面多为建筑物密集的繁华地区，施工难度大，国内尚无先例，在国外也无完全成熟的经验。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷