地层

After achieving the solution of the mathematical model,a binomial productivity equation of gas-water well with two-phase flow in formation was derived in consideration of the influence of formation damage and non-Darcy effect,thus establishing the theory of transient inflow performance relationship curve of gas-water well.

文章基于质量守恒原理，建立了气水两相地层瞬态渗流的数学模型，通过定义气水两相拟压力函数，将渗流数学模型线性化，在获得数学模型解后，考虑地层损害和非达西效应的影响，推导出在地层中为水气两相渗流的气水同产井的二项式产能方程，从而建立了气水同产井瞬态流入动态关系曲线的理论。

This paper probed into the sea-level changes from the latest Ordovician to the earliest Silurian and thesubdivision of the Ordovician-Silurian boundary based on the study of biostratigraphy, chemical stratigraphyand sequence stratigraphy.

本文通过生物地层、化学地层和层序地层的研究，对晚奥陶世晚期至志留纪初期的海平面变化以及奥陶／志留系界线的划分进行了探讨。

Great paleoenvironment change of the basins that located in northeast region of Tibet plateau is closely related to the second uplift of Tibet plateau and the formation of Asia monsoon. This conclusion was found by the analysis and correlation of magnetstratigraphy、 biostratigraphy、lithohorizon in xining basin、 lanzhou basin and linxia basin.

西宁盆地、兰州盆地、临夏盆地的磁性地层、生物地层、岩石地层的对比表明位于青藏高原东北部的周缘盆地在青藏高原的第二次隆升时被迫的进行了相应的应力调整和变形，并在刚成形的亚洲季风共同作用下，导致自身古环境发生重大变迁。

Based on the analysis of core samples from the hole of Zk23 in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and by means of sedimentary stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, thes consider that the fine-sand deposition in borehole was part of buried ancient estuary sand ridges of the Yangtze River.

根据东海陆架 Zk23孔岩心分析资料，进行了沉积地层学、生物地层学和年代地层学分析，确定了该钻孔中段细砂层为埋藏古长江河口沙脊沉积，阐明了该孔附近海区冰消期前后和冰后期的沉积历史。

And furthermore basing on the marks of biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy and relatively reliable isotopic age of the 14 3rd-order sequences associated with time-space match relation of biostratigraphy and sedimental system, the formed time limits of the 3rd-order sequences is calculated primarily as 1.5-3Ma, mainly appearing at 2Ma.

进而，结合生物地层及沉积体系的时空匹配关系等多方面的综合分析，对14次三级海平面升降事件的生物地层和年代地层的标识和参考已发表的同位素年龄数据，初步估算出三级层序的形成时限为1.5-3Ma，集中出现在2Ma。

Taking the example of Shizibao mine field ,this paper describes features of Ma'an coal measures.

通过对井田地质特征、煤系地层、含煤性及控煤特征的简要分析，阐明煤层与煤系地层发育的正消长关系，断定马鞍煤系找煤方向主要应针对煤系地层厚的地段。

And the optimize of underbalance drilling fluid is gone on in view of stratum and reservoir geologic characteristic in DaQing oil field, finally a suit of reverse emulsion drilling fluid system fitting DaQing oil field underbalance drilling is established, and it is successfully used and verified in erbalance drilling construction work, the effect is very ideal. Additional the well control technique and commensurable auxiliary technique of underbalance drilling are also systematically analysed, a suit of auxiliary technique and well control scheme of underbalance drilling fitting DaQing oil field zone of negative pressure is established.

本文重点对欠平衡钻井负压值的影响因素及确定方法进行了研究；并针对大庆油田地层及油藏地质特征进行了欠平衡钻井钻井液体系的优选，最终确定了一套适合大庆油田欠平衡钻井的水包油钻井液体系，并成功地在欠平衡钻井施工中得到应用和验证，效果十分理想；另外，本文对欠平衡钻井的井控技术及相应的配套技术也作了系统的分析，确立了一套适合大庆油田地层特点的欠平衡钻井工艺技术配套措施及适合大庆油田地层负压特点的钻井井控技术方案。

Through the purification and study of the North China type Permo-Carboniferous biostratigraphic units of Henan Province, 5 fusulinid and 4 conodont biostratigraphic units are collated and stipulated on the basis of the distribution of the fossils in the main section and the Stratigraphic Guide.

通过对河南省华北型石炭纪—二叠纪生物地层单位的清理与研究，根据和牙形石在主干剖面上的纵、横向分布规律，依据地层指南，共厘定出 5个类和 4个牙形石生物地层单位。

Under the condition of the borehole and sandstone formation filling with oil and water, respectively, the ability is different when different energy windows are selected to distinguish formation by simulating the detector response spectrum of various diameters and length of NaI and BGO crystal. The C/O value difference of BGO crystal is higher than that of NaI crystal when the energy window includes photoelectric peak, the first and the second escape peaks, but it is less affected by the different sizes of detector crystal. Using photoelectric peak corresponding to the energy window, the C/O value difference of BGO crystal detector is much larger than that of NaI, but it increases with the crystal size increasing. The C/O value is greatly affected by energy drifting, while relatively a little by energy resolution.

对于井眼和地层流体分别为油和水砂岩地层，模拟改变NaI和BGO晶体探测器的直径和长度时的非弹性散射γ射线响应能谱，采用不同能窗处理方法对地层流体的分辨能力不同，选取光电峰和第一、第二逃逸峰对应的能量窗时，BGO晶体探测器比NaI晶体探测器测量的C/O差值大，但受尺寸的影响不大；采用光电峰对应的能量窗时，BGO晶体探测器测量的C/O差值比NaI的大得多，且随尺寸的增加差值增大；能量道的漂移对C/O值影响较大，而能量分辨率对差值影响相对较小。

By considering torque characteristics of variable-frequency motors and mesh stiffness as well as backlash nonlinearity in gear transmission,a dynamics model for the cutting system of shield tunneling machine with redundant drives was established. The fluctuation characteristics of torque loads and dynamic cutterhead driving torque in composite strata were analyzed.

复合地层掘进扭矩载荷突变是造成盾构机掘进过程中堵转停机的直接原因，考虑盾构机刀盘驱动变频调速电机特性、转矩传递过程中齿轮啮合刚度及齿侧间隙等非线性因素，建立冗余驱动的盾构机刀盘切削系统机电耦合动力学模型；针对典型复合地层地质条件，对盾构机在上软下硬地层掘进过程中刀盘驱动转矩动态特性进行仿真分析。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。