地层

Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy, using the data of seismic, drill, well-logging and core, and adopting the multiplex geophysical techniques of well-logging and seismic composite analysis, 3D seismic interpretation, well-logging inversion, isochronism slicing and Stratimagic seismic facies analysis, this paper goes deep into studying some technical problems about the establishment of isochronal sequence stratigraphy framework, the prediction of sedimentary microfacies distribution and the prediction of the subtle reservoirs, and then preliminarily establishes a set of techniques about high resolution sequence stratigraphy research and subtle reservoir exploration, which is guided by the theory of modern sequence stratigraphy and armed with advanced geophysical interpretation techniques.

本文以层序地层学理论为指导，综合利用地震、钻井、测井和岩芯等资料，充分应用井-震综合分析技术、三维地震解释技术、井约束反演技术、等时地层切片技术和Stratimagic地震相分析技术等手段，深入研究了井-震等时层序划分、沉积微相展布及隐蔽油藏分布预测等技术难题，初步形成了一套以现代层序地层学理论为指导，以先进的地球物理解释技术为手段的高分辨率层序地层学研究和隐蔽油藏预测技术方法体系，并将该技术方法体系在四方坨子地区进行了试用，取得了明显成效。

The Lower/Upper Cretaceous boundary in Songliao Basin is,therefore,between the Quantou and Denglouku formations,instead of between the Quantou and Qingshankou formations.2.The dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are of high organic carbon and low diasteranes contents.Organic geochemical characters are illustrated by biomarkers of 28,30-bisnorhopane and gammacerane,and positive excursion of kerogen isotopes.It is suggested that the dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are the products of lake anoxic period.It corresponds to the oceanic anoxic event at Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Cretaceous.3.Based on the study of biostratigraphy,chronostratigraphy,magnetostratigraphy and event stratigraphy,a correlation of the lacustrine sequence to marine standard has been proposed,i.e.,the Quantou Formation corresponds to Cenomanian stage,Qingshankou Formation correlates to Later Cenomanian-Early Turonian,Yaojia Formation to Later Turonian-Coniacian,Nenjiang Formation to Santonian-Campanian.Sifangtai and Minshui Formations to Maastrichtian. 4.Analysis of lithology,lithofacies and microfossils of Cretaceous in Songliao Basin, shows that shore and shallow lake facies yield the most abundant microfossil groups,and the predelta and deltaic distributary plain facies rich in fossils as well.In the shore and shallow lake areas during the high level periods(such as Qingshankou and Nenjiang sedimentary periods),the lacustrine biota are of high diversity and high abundance.

因此，松辽盆地上、下白垩统的界线应在泉头组的底界，即泉头组与登娄库组之间，而不是泉头组的顶界。2、青山口组一段黑色泥岩、页岩具有有机碳含量高、重排甾烷含量低，生物标志物出现28，30—双降藿烷和伽马蜡烷，干酷根碳同位素具有正向偏移等有机地球化学特征，表征为青山口组一段黑色页岩、油页岩是古湖泊缺氧事件的产物，它对应于白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian—Turonian期界线附近缺氧事件，二者具同步性。3、通过生物地层学、年代地层学、磁性地层学和事件地层学研究，认为泉头阶大体相当于Cenomanian阶，青山口阶相当于晚Cenomanian—早Turonian阶，姚家阶对应于晚Turonian—Coniacian阶，嫩江阶对应于Santonian—Campanian阶，四方台阶和明水阶相当于Maastrichtian阶。4、通过对松辽盆地上白垩统的岩性、岩相及微体化石分析，认为滨浅湖相是微体生物群最为发育的相带，其次为三角洲前缘相和三角洲分流平原相。

This study not only applies comprehensively cores, logging, well logging, seismics, analysis assay data and paleontology data, but also adopts the latest theories and technique and methods of sequence stratigraphy, high-resolution stratigraphy, sedimentography, oil-gas geology, geophysics, stratigraphic paleontology and geochemistry, etc.

借鉴前人研究成果，综合利用岩心、录井、测井、地震、分析化验资料及古生物资料，应用层序地层学、高分辨率地层学、沉积学、地球物理学、古生物地层学、地球化学等多学科的新理论、新技术和新方法，发挥多学科联合攻关的优势，对松辽盆地北部西部斜坡中部含油组合进行了系统而精确的层序地层及沉积体系研究。

Under the function of semipermeable membrane, a reasonable adjust of the drilling fluid activity to be less than formation water activity will transfer water from formation to drilling fluid because of the existence of osmosis pressure.

在半透膜的作用下，适当调整钻井液的活度小于地层水的活度，渗透压会使地层中的水向钻井液运移，避免或减少因钻井液向地层运移而产生的负面影响，对地层的稳定起到积极作用。

Each of the other third-order sequences can be further divided into three system tracts. Based on the identification and correlation of sequence stratigraphic units, and researches on the history of structural evolution, the thickness of sequences and the paleotopography of the area, we proposed the sequence stratigraphical mode of the studied area, and discussed the relations between the sequence stratigraphic model and the oil-gas potentials and estimated the oil-gas potentials of each of the third-order sequences.

针对研究区目的层段所划层序发育的特点，在层序地层单元划分和对比的基础上，结合构造发育史和地层厚度的变化反映出古地形特征，建立了该区的层序地层学模式，并初步探讨了层序地层学模式与含油气性的关系，对各三级层序的含油性做出了初步预测。

Torricelli Daerbute fault zone north of Xinjiang formation predecessors established the Lower Carboniferous package Couto Group and the Commission on the Carboniferous too Le Dracula group, with the attribution of North Junggar formation formation of the district Mayi formation area.

请英文高手帮忙翻译下论文的摘要，拜托了新疆托里达尔布特断裂带北侧地层前人建立了下石炭统包古图组和上石炭统太勒古拉组，其地层归属北准噶尔地层分区玛依力地层小区。

This illustrated online guide from the University of Georgia Stratigraphy Laboratory is primarily aimed at the application of sequence stratigraphy to outcrops. It covers: accommodation space; parasequences; progradational, aggradational, and retrogradational stacking; depositional sequences; surfaces; type 1 and type 2 sequences; application to outcrops; chronostratigraphy; and carbonate sequence stratigraphy.

这个有插图的在线指南是由美国乔治亚州大学地层学实验室创建的，主要是为了将地层次序应用于裸露出地面的岩层，内容包括：调节空间，副次序，延伸、沉积、退化叠加，沉积次序，表面，类型1与类型2的次序，裸露出地面的岩层的应用，年代地层学，碳酸盐地层次序。

The expense needed is very small, especially for the barren beds and those long-term controversial beds by using the stratigraphic and paleontologic methods for study, division, and correlation.

尤其是对哑地层和用古生物地层学方法，研究划分和对比，长期存在争议的地层，用等时标志层及其核测井资料，进行微细高分辨岩层对比，解决上述问题，指导地质调查和地层学研究。

Compression and inversion action make series of traps, tectonic traps and stratigraphy traps are the primary trap types, Tectonic traps can be classified into anticlinal traps (compressional anticlinal trap, drape anticlinal trap, faulted anticlinal trap) and fault block trap (scalariform fault block trap, arcuate fault block trap, crossed fault block trap). Stratigraphy traps can be classified into stratigraphic onlap trap and stratigraphic erosion unconformity trap.

后期受挤压、反转作用的影响形成了一系列的圈闭，主要的圈闭类型有构造圈闭和地层圈闭，构造圈闭又可划分为背斜圈闭(挤压背斜圈闭、披覆背斜圈闭、断裂背斜圈闭)和断块圈闭(阶梯状断块圈闭、弧形断块圈闭、交叉断块圈闭)；地层圈闭可分为地层超覆不整合圈闭和地层削蚀不整合圈闭。

Because of the stratigraphic conditions of multi-lithologies and thin-bed association, unstability of lithofacies in the vertical and lateral direction, and the particalar conditions of seissmic geology in Inland Basins, Western China, a stratigraphic model of sedimentary facies in which there are many theoretical reflecting seismic interface does not completely display on the seismic section, especially the some the most important stratigraphic information such as toplap, onlap, progradation, erosional truncation and fill of channal, divergent, shingled, ect.

本文在研究了9类沉积相及相组合地层模型的地震模拟记录后证明：现今流行的在地震剖面上划分地震相进而应用国外海相地层反射模式再转换为沉积相这一所谓&相面&方法完全不适用于西部陆相盆地沉积相地层模型的特点，作者首次开辟了用速度参数，合成地震记录、二维地层模型技术研究西部盆地地下沉积相的新途经。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失