地层

Based on production performance of huff and puff well, a pseudosteady state mathematical model of two-block composite oil reservoir is built.

文章根据蒸气吞吐井的生产特征，建立了两区复合油藏拟稳态数学模型；根据注入地层的热量为热损失与地层吸收的热量之和，计算出加热半径；注蒸气导致原油粘度下降是热力开采的重要机理之一。

The study shows:(1) the generation of sulphur-bearing gas is controlled by the formation water;(2) the present distribution of hydrogen sulphide is the result of the segregation of water and gas, and it is also influenced by the heterogeneity of reservoirs;(3) the limited distribution of formation water is an important mechanism for forming gas fields of low sulphur content in China.

该问题的研究说明：①靖边气田含硫天然气生成过程始终受地层水控制；②现今硫化氢分布是气水分离结果，并受储层非均质限制；③揭示地层水体分布的局限性可能是形成我国低含硫气田的一个重要机制。

In the Eogene and Neogene, Qaidam Basin experienced the multiphase tectonic movement; the paleoclimate evolved from warm-humid to arid; the water in the basin was gradually salinized; the depocenter migrated from west to east. The master factors and developmental characters of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs have their own particularity. Taking the fine exploration zones of the southwest hydrocarbon-rich depression in Qaidam as the key point, with the analysis of source-rock distribution, sedimentary evolution and sedimentary system distribution, the author proposes that the density difference increases after the fluvial water enters, then clam and bar sand bodies are formed easily due to density flow. Highstand system tract and transgressive system tract below the maximum flooding surface are the main exploration areas of lithologic reservoir.

柴达木盆地古近纪－新近纪经历了多期构造运动，古气候由温湿向干旱演变、湖盆逐渐咸化、沉积中心由西向东迁移的演化过程，地层岩性油气藏的主控因素和发育特征有其特殊规律，以柴达木盆地柴西南富油气凹陷精细勘探区带为重点，通过分析烃源岩展布、沉积演化和主要沉积体系展布，提出咸化湖盆在河流入湖后因密度差较大，易形成密度流等成因的各类滩坝砂体，最大湖泛面之下的高位体系域、湖侵体系域是地层岩性油气藏的主要勘探领域。

The analyses of the relationship between drilling parameter and rate of penetration was done,and the principle of coupled driven drilling by improving rotary speed of bit was revealed to increase bit rock-breaking energy to improve penetration rate.

分析了钻井参数与钻速的关系，揭示了复合钻井通过提高钻头转速，从而增加钻头破岩能量来提高机械钻速的机理；在分析井斜原因和钟摆钻具防斜打直原理的基础上，分析了直螺杆钻具和弯外壳螺杆钻具组合的防斜机理以及两者的联系与区别，指出在地层倾角较小时采用直螺杆钻具组合，地层倾角较大时采用弯外壳螺杆钻具组合，以达到防斜打快的目的。

Combining the performance of the formation rock mechanics with the rock-breaking mechanism of the PDC bits, the PDC bits suitable for the combination driving drilling in the northeastern Sichuan were selected.

通过对地层岩石力学特性的研究，结合PDC钻头的破岩机理，筛选出了川东北地区适合于复合钻井的地层。

It is proposed that using Xuejiping formation suitable for the stratum corresponding to the magmatic rock belt of Xuejiping cycle, representing age of Early-Middle Triassic.

重新认识了本区的地层系统，建议将雪鸡坪旋回岩浆岩带对应的地层使用雪鸡坪组，代表时代为早、中三叠世。

Holocene stratigraphic profile at least documented 6 times reverse processes and 7 times positive processes of desertification during the Holocene period.

地层沉积相记录以及地层中古风成砂和古土壤层绝对年代的测定，证明末次间冰期以来研究区曾经历了多次沙漠化正、逆交替变化过程。

Lanyang Plain is covered by the Holocene alluvium of the Quaternary Period, which is relatively young in geological age, with various thicknesses of soil layers. The soft soil layers are easily to be compressd under construction loading and subsequently cause the settlement problems.

兰阳平原为第四纪全新世冲积层所覆盖，地质年代轻，土层厚度深浅不一，其组织质地较疏松软弱，易受外力影响而发生地层压缩，进而形成地层之垂直变位等问题。

Based on the case of urban geologic survey in Guangzhou, the paper introduces data collection method used in shallow exploration in process of seismic transverse wave detection, and analyses the geologic explanation for results as well as divides the strata in this way coupled with method of well logging.

并以广州市城市地质调查项目为例，介绍了地震横波勘探在浅层地层勘测中的数据采集方法，分析了地质解释依据，并结合波速测井方法对地层层面进行了划分。

The results indicate that when formation water in Guantao formation is used as a source of water injection in the oilfield,the compatibilities of injected water with reservoir water and injected water with crude oil are better and the injected water with reservoir stone is poor.

结果表明，该油田以馆陶组地层水作为注入水水源时，注入水与油层水的相容性较好，与地层原油的配伍性较好，与岩石的配伍性不好。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。