地层

Based on studies on sequeence stratigraphy, event stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and lithos-tratigraphy, it is concluded that the Sailinhuodong Group is a part of the Bayan Obo Group .

据层序地层、事件地层、生物地层和岩石地层研究。腮林忽洞群是白云鄂博群的一部分。

Also apply methods of integration of sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, petrostratigraphy and seismic data to found the time-contour stratigraphic framework and reveal time-space distribution of depositional system and meantime clarify oil-source bed, reservoir and overlying distribution regular patterns.

此外，运用层序地层学、生物地层学、岩石地层学与测井、地震资料相结合的方法，建立该区等时地层格架、沉积体系的时空展布，阐明了生、储、盖展布规律。

The true resistivity of formations computed precisely by using of the inversion technique, the interactive processing technique can be applied to structural explanation of formations, analysis for stability of wellbore, prediction of the breaking stress of formations and the deliverability, and the judgment of stress direction of formations.

利用反演技术求准地层真电阻率，利用人机交互处理技术进行地层构造解释，井眼稳定性分析及地层破裂压力预测、产能预测，进行了地层应力方向的判断。

In this paper we combining connecting tunnel project of Subway Line 4 at Xidan-lingjing bystreet in Beijing. To aim at the difficulties of building large-span connecting tunnels in the fine sand layer, through roads and underground pipelines, construction nearby buildings and other project difficulties. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests and other research methods to comprehensive and systemic research the stratum deformation mechanism and process control techniques of shallow excavation method, and a series of results were obtained. Firstly, use the stochastic media theory to analyze the stratum deformation mechanism, concretely analyze the analytic equation of surface horizontal displacement and deformation which were caused by the excavation of single-hole and double-hole tunnel, and further discussion on ground settlement, vertical deformation, surface horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation. Analyzing the main influence factors of surface displacement, and combined with practical work to proof the theory which was applied to shallow buried single-hole tunnel in fine sand layer was scientific.

本文结合北京地铁四号线西单～灵境胡同渡线隧道工程，针对在粉细砂地层中修建大跨渡线隧道，下穿道路和地下管线，临近建筑物施工等工程难点，利用理论分析、数值模拟、和现场监测等多种研究手段，对浅埋暗挖隧道地层变位机理及控制技术，深入地进行全面和系统的研究，并取得以下成果：(1)引入随机介质理论，对地层变位机理进行了分析，具体分析了单、双孔隧道开挖引起的地表位移及变形的解析方程，并深入探讨了地表沉降、垂直变形、地表水平位移和水平变形的特点，同时分析了影响地表位移的主要因素，并结合工程实例，佐证该理论应用于粉细砂地层浅埋暗挖单孔地铁隧道的科学性。

The evolutionary model organic beach or reef reservoir, controlling factors of which are sedimentation, digenesis and tectonics ,are established according to the result of sedimentary facies and digenesis. At last regional distribution of reservoir has been predicted. Comprehensive study indicates the dark, 50-300 m thick upper Permian series, which is rich in the organic material and biota , is beneficial to formation and protection of petroleum and natural gas. Moreover the stratigraphy possess with better reservoir ability. The reservoir distributed in shallow glacis along Beichuan Tongkou - Guangyuan Changjianggou ,He 12 well - She 1 well - Jiange - Cangxi Yongningpu -Long 4 well - Bian 1 well in Wujiaping stage and in platform edge beach along Beichuan Tongkou - Jiangyou Shuigentou - Jiange -Cangxi Yongningpu - Nanjiang .

综合以上，本文认为研究区上二叠统地层厚50—300m，颜色较深、生物含量多、富含有机质，并且该套地层自形成后，大多直接进入埋藏成岩环境，是一套十分有利于油气的形成与保存的地层；同时该套地层的局部层段具有一定的储集性能，在吴家坪期储层主要分布在北川通口—广元长江沟、河12井—射1井—剑阁—苍溪永宁铺—龙4井—扁1井一带，在长兴期储层主要分布在北川通口—江油水根头—剑阁—苍溪永宁铺—南江一线。

Based on the research, the effect of rock mechanics parameters on casing load in flowage formation is analyzed.

针对由于地层具有流变特性对套管载荷的影响以及由于泥岩浸水等因素造成的地层流变特性改变而对套损产生影响等问题，根据开尔文模型推导了流变地层中套管载荷和地层粘度的关系，从而反映了套管载荷随时间的变化，在此基础上分析了流变地层岩石力学参数对套管载荷的影响。

The fossiliferous Middle Carboniferous and Permian are well developed in the Deri′angma-Xiala section in the Yunzhug area, Xainza County, northern Tibet.

西藏北部申扎县永珠地区德日昂玛-下拉剖面中石炭系和二叠系地层发育完整，出露良好，化石丰富。该剖面中查果罗玛组碳酸盐岩地层和下拉组碳酸盐岩地层之间的碎屑岩夹灰岩地层，在沉积上表现为冰海相杂砾岩，在古生物化石面貌上表现为特提斯-冈瓦纳古生物群混生。

The simulation results demonstrate the rightness and efficiency of FEM. Based on the studies above, the detective characteristics of FMI are examined, a few device structural parameters are numerical analyzed and optimized. The response of each type of formation model is simulated, and gray-scale images are used to express the resistivity results. Adopting 8 electrodes manner to measuring inclined bed, a full-bore resistivity image is obtained, and the relations between the image and the inclined bed are pointed.

在上述工作基础上，考察了全井眼地层微成象仪的探测特性；对有可能影响测量结果的仪器结构参数进行了分析和优化；模拟各种地层模型的测井响应，并用灰度图象表示电阻率井壁成象结果；采用8极板同时测量的方式，对倾斜地层进行模拟测量，得到了全井眼电阻率成象结果，并指出了成象特征与地层倾斜方向之间的关系。

Oil exploration practice and researched results indicate that most of hydrocarbon reservoir forming related to gyp- sum and salt rock formation,and the hydrocarbon is also associated with it,so,successfully drilling through gypsum and salt rock formation has been become one of drilling dif- ficult problems.

石油勘探实践和研究结果表明，许多油气藏的形成都与膏盐岩地层有关，也常与膏盐岩地层伴生，成功钻穿膏盐岩地层是钻井难题之一，录井技术成为钻进安全监测、膏盐岩地层准确预报的重要手段。

Secondary pollution might be produced in the weak zone while conventional acidify because of halfway flowback under poor producing energy. Thief zones can obtain superfluous acidizing fluid because of the permeability contrast between layers of prominent interlamination antinomy, which can induce collapse in the thief zone and invalid acidification in the less permeable layers.

低压油气层常规酸化时由于地层能量低，导致残酸溶液无法彻底返排而引起地层的二次污染；层间矛盾突出的地层，由于渗透率差异，酸液将优先进入高渗地层，导致高渗透层进酸量多，从而过度酸化引起坍塌，低渗透层则由于进酸量少而达不到酸化的目的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。