地层

Aimed at these problem, this paper taked 63 well drilling's rock mineral document and logging document as main analysis object, combined reservoir sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, logging geology together to research sedimentary system, sequence stratigraphy, lithofacies paleographic, sandbody distribution three dimensional visualization, reservoir character and reservoir sandbody comprehensive evaluation, it offers reference and criterion for Changbei gas field gas reservoir's exploration and development.

针对目前所存在的地质问题，本论文以63口钻井的岩矿资料和测井资料为主要分析对象，运用储层沉积学、层序地层学、测井地质学等多学科交叉的综合研究方法，对长北气田上古生界二叠系山西组2段进行沉积体系、层序地层、岩相古地理、砂体展布三维可视化、储层特征以及储集砂体综合评价和有利区预测等方面进行系统和深入的研究，为更有效地勘探开发长北气田提供科学依据。

Much attention is paid to petrologic recognition marks and distribution regulation of volcanic event strata in coal-bearing sequences of Taiyuan formation in the middle of North China.

概要：桑树勋刘焕杰贾玉如摘要研究了华北中部太原组含煤地层中火山事件层的岩石学识别标志和分布规律。研究结果表明：含煤地层中广泛发育火山事件层。

In the detrital zircon sample FH4, which was collected from lower sandstones of the Fanghushan Formation, the oldest sedimentary strata of the Hefei Basin. HP-UHP mineral inclusions such as coesite, omphacite, phengite and melt inclusions, and other minerals like apatite, quartz, feldspar, white micas were identified by means of micro-laser Raman spectrometer and electron probe.

防虎山组的下部砂岩地层是合肥盆地最古老的中生代沉积地层，在样品FH4中选出了碎屑锆石，通过显微激光拉曼光谱、电子探针的研究发现，锆石中含有柯石英、绿辉石、多硅白云母等典型的高压－超高压矿物包裹体、熔体玻璃包裹体以及磷灰石、石英、斜长石、白云母等矿物包裹体。

By the comparison between archaeological stratigraphy, sediment characteristics of cultural layers and cultural interruptions, 46 ~(14)C chronological data of buried paleotrees and peat, the synthetical analysis of the distribution laws of sites, and the reference to the results from other scholars, we can see that there are 7 cultural interruptions in the three Gorges and 7 cultural interruptions in the Yangtze Delta. They are from the last stage of Chengbeixi Culture to the initial stage of Daxi Culture (7200～6000a BP)→the third stage of Guanmiaoshan Culture Style of Daxi Culture (5800～5500a BP)→the initial stage of Shangzhou Culture (4000～3500a BP )→the last stage of Shangzhou Culture (2500～2200a BP)→During the Song dynasty Culture (960-1276AD) During the Ming and Qing Culture (1368-1911AD) in the prehistorical and historical period in the three Gorges.

对长江三峡和长江三角洲考古遗址进行地层对比，考古遗址文化层和文化断层沉积特征、文化层的叠压关系、考古遗址淤砂和淤土层厚度、46处埋藏古树和39处泥炭的~(14)C年代统计数据和空间分布规律、文化遗址分布的时空变化规律等特征综合分析，发现长江三峡地区新石器时代到历史时期考古遗址地层中有7期文化断层：(1)城背溪文化末期到大溪文化初期(7200～6000a BP)；(2)大溪文化关庙山类型三期(5800～5500a BP)；(3)商周早期(4000～3500a BP)；(4)商周晚期(2500～2200a BP)；(5)宋代时期(960-1276AD)：(6)明清时期(1368-1911AD)；(7)近现代时期。

Based on the analysis of similarities and differences between core data, well log and seismic prospecting, the thesis makes a primary match between them;(2) Through layer boundary dividing by Walsh transformation, lithology determination by gray system and stratigraphy correlation by dynamic waveform match, an application to the aimed area was done;(3) This paper also gives the research on the character of well logs and reservoir parameters. According to the FBM protype, the profile of density and acoustic value between two wells was built. And the result showed good accordance with real logs.(4) By means of fractal reconstruction, it rebuilt the three dimensional shapes of the main stratigraphy boundaries in the studied area.

在详细分析总结岩心、测井和地震数据异同点的基础上，对三种数据进行了初步的匹配；②通过对测井曲线的沃尔什变换分层、灰色关联法岩性判别，综合多种动态层序对比技术，增改对比过程所需要的参数，进行了井间地层对比方法的探讨与应用研究；③详细研究了测井曲线以及储层参数分布的分形特征，以分数布朗运动为原型模拟出两口井中间对应地层的密度和时差参数剖面，结果与验证井数据表现出了良好的一致性；④采用分维重建方法再现了研究区块泉头组顶底面以及登二段底面的空间形态。

On the basis of the large numbers of age analysis on apatite and zircon fission track, through the research on the present structural framework, mineral characteristics and depositional environment in remanet strata and comprehensive compare with its neighboring Mesozoic basins in strata, sedimentary facies and hydrocarbon source rock, this thesis systemically discussion on the uplift timing of these mountains around Yanqi basin, original appearances in Mesozoic and characteristics of evolution and later reformation and provide important theoretical basis for petroleum exploration.

本文在大量的磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄分析的基础上，结合现今盆地构造格局和残留地层中岩石矿物特征及沉积环境研究以及与周邻中生代盆地地层、沉积相及烃源岩进行综合对比，系统地探讨了焉耆盆地周缘山体隆升时限、中生代原始面貌及其演化与后期改造特征，为盆地油气勘探提供重要的理论基础。

From the research of the kerogen carbon isotopes of the coal-measure strata in some basins of China (the Carbo-Permian in the Ordos basin, the Triassic in the Sichuan basin, the Jurassic in the Jungar basin and Turpan-Hami basin, the Tertiary in the Yingqong basin) it can be indicated that the Type Ⅲ kerogen has a wide δ〓C range from -21. 2‰ to -27. 6‰, averaging -25‰, which is more enriched in 〓C than sapropel and mixed kerogens.

对我国一些含煤盆地（陕甘宁石碳－二叠、四川三叠系、准噶尔侏罗系、吐哈侏罗系、莺琼盆地第三系）的煤系地层干酪根碳同位素研究表明，煤系地层的干酪根碳同位素组成δ〓C值分布范围为－21.2～－27.6‰，说明其变化范围较宽，平均值为－25‰左右，相对腐泥型干酪根和混合型干酪根较明显地富重碳同位素。

It can not only offer more correct values of reservoir parameters, such as porosity, saturability, permeability, and the depth and pressure of the oil formation, but also provide significant information about complex reservoirs with fractures, pores and thin beds.

成像测井技术与一般测井技术相结合，不仅能更准确地确定油气藏参数，如孔隙度、饱和度、渗透率、油气层厚度和地层压力等，而且还能为裂缝、孔洞、薄互层等非均质性复杂地层的解释与评价提供信息。

And basing on the compound study of sedimentology and stratigraphy, the author divides the evolution of Cambrian North China Platform into 4 stages which have different carbonate platform types, sedimental facies sequences and sequence stratigraphic patterns. This reflects the changing law of sedimental dynamic field from unstability to stability with the time going on.

在沉积学、地层学综合研究的基础上，将寒武纪华北地台演化阶段划分出四大演化阶段，每个阶段具有不同的碳酸盐台地类型、沉积相序和层序地层模式，反映了沉积体系在沉积动力场中随着时间的演化由不稳定走向稳定的变化规律。

In the shallow layer detection, the detection of small target buried shallowly requires more complex signal processing method.

而在浅地层探测中，地雷等浅埋小目标的探测，对浅地层探地雷达的信号处理方法提出了更高的要求。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失