地层

The water level is a measurable and physical surface able to be characterized, while the base level is an immeasurable and nonobjective surface, which can be described only.

摘要层序地层学发展至今，各学派在解决实际问题上的分歧日益为人们所认识，建立统一层序地层学理论成为今后相关研究领域的一个重要方向。

Qaidam basin is located in north of Qinghai province, and it is a large Mesozoicand Cenozoic oleaginous basin ,the total acreage is about 12×104km2. Sanhu regionin east of Qaidam basin is explored and founded the Quaternary biogas, the thicknessof Quaternary strata is 3200m;the diagenesis is in low degree, high porosity and highpermeability;the sand and mud are interbeddings, sand is reservior and mud is gassource rock and cover rock;stock size of Quaternary biogas achieve 12476×108m3 ,the explored geological reserve is 1472×108m3, the third class reserve is about 3500×108m3. It is the region where founded the largest scale of biogas in the world.

柴达木盆地地处青海省西北部，是我国西部一个大型中新生代陆相含油气盆地，总面积约12×104km2，柴达木盆地东部的三湖地区主要勘探第四系生物气藏，第四系地层厚3200m；地层成岩程度低，高孔高渗；第四系砂、泥岩互层，其中砂岩为储集层，泥岩为气源岩和盖层；第四系生物气资源量达12476×108m3，已探明地质储量1472×108m3，三级储量约3500×108m3，是目前世界上第四系发现生物气规模最大的地区。

The coring was successfully operated on the winter ice-cover of the lake in 2000 and the pioneer practice of the ""off-the-ice"" coring proves to be very useful and economic for taking quality cores from lakes in northern China.A multidisciplinary investigation has been carried out on core HQH4, one of the three 11-m-long cores. Results from previous investigation include lithostratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, paleoecology of Ostracoda, stable isotopic record of ostracod shells, total nitrogen and organic carbon, C/N ratio, 81 C of organic matter etc.

在对深度为11米的HQH4岩芯开展了~(14)C年代学、岩性地层学、介形类古生态及介壳稳定同位素、有机碳和总氮及C/N比值、有机碳同位素等多学科综合分析测试和研究工作的基础上，本硕士学位论文研究侧重开展了：1HQH4岩芯烧失量(Loss-on-ignition)的系统分析测定及该地层学变量的古湖泊和环境变化意义的研究；2沉水植物川蔓藻化石种子生态学特征及其在黄旗海湖泊水位重建和气候变化研究方面的重要意义的研究。

Sequence stratigraphy stemed from the marine strata research, and there are abundant Palaeozoic marine facies deposits in the south of China.

层序地层学首先是在海相地层研究过程中得以发展和应用，而在中国南方古生代海相沉积十分发育。

Nanxiong red layer fossils fauna fossils shows that our fossil-layer bit more variety is extremely rich, the end of our Middle Pliocene Cenozoic stage of research and a long period of blank state, and make our country has become the world's most complete Paleocene stratigraphic section of the country.

南雄红层古生物化石动物群化石的发现，说明我国化石层位多、品种极其丰富，结束了我国新生代地层中古新世阶段科研长期处于空白的状态，并使我国成为目前世界上拥有最完整古新世地层剖面的国家。

On the systematic geological survey, 5 sections of the Late Cenozoic eolian sequence or Late Tertiary Red Clay sequence were chose for investigation on Stratigraphy, paleomagnetism and paleoclimatology.

通过系统的野外地质调查，在黄土高原中部、南部和北部选择了地层连续稳定、出露良好的晚新生代风尘序列或第三纪红粘土序列共5个剖面进行了野外地层测量、岩性描述及样品采集。

By using the theory of sequence stratigraphy, we can subdivide and contrast stratigraphy, retrospect paleogeography and analyse basin effectively.

运用层序地层学理论和方法，不仅可划分及对比地层，还可重塑古地理，并有效地进行沉积盆地分析。

Sedimentary facies and sandbody maps drawn by means of sequence stratigraphy are generally different from those by means of lithology-log or paleontological methods.

层序地层学划分对比方法及由此而编出的沉积相图和砂体图与现场使用的岩电法或古生物地层法有很大的差别。

The project will make full use of Cretaceous marine, terrestrial strata and paleontological records.

项目将充分利用中国大陆发育完好的白垩纪海相、陆相地层及古生物记录，通过松辽盆地白垩系科学钻探全岩芯取样和多学科综合研究的途径，着眼于厘定反映地质事件和气候变化的层位及标志和时间格架，解决高分辨率海、陆相沉积事件的精确对比，分析地层记录中气候标志和古生物类群的地理分布，集中研究陆地和海洋环境对同一事件的响应机制，重溯白垩纪地球表层系统重大地质事件过程及成因，探究陆相烃源岩大规模形成、陆地生物群更替与温室气候变化和碳循环之间的正/负反馈关系和机制等科学问题，为预测全球长时间尺度上的气候变化趋势提供科学依据。

Based on modern optimization theory and optimal control theory, this dissertation studies some questions as follows:1. The optimization model of parameter identification of three-dimensional geologic history numerical simulation, algorithm and its applicationGeologic history numerical simulation is a basic content of basin numerical simulation, and the porosity is the major parameter in the evolution and development process of oil-bearing basin. According to the sedimentation and burial mechanism, the physical and chemical principles of oil geology, the mudstone porositys non-linear parabolic partial differential equation has been established.

本文应用现代最优化及最优控制理论，对如下一些问题进行了研究： 1、三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型、算法及应用地史模拟是盆地数值模拟的一个基础性的研究内容，地层孔隙度是含油气盆地地史演化发育过程中的重要参数，根据地层沉积埋藏机理和石油地质的物理化学原理，通过引入数学物理方程概念，建立了泥岩三维孔隙度场方程，根据问题的特点，给出了方程的定解条件，对方程的动边界也给出了处理方法，并且证明了解的存在性与惟一性，在此基础上建立了以当今实测数据为拟合准则的三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型，这是一个含有二阶偏微分方程约束的泛函极值问题。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失