地层

Combining with high resolution seismic data and log data, this paper makes a profound analysis of the space pattern and reservoir predictability of depositional system on oil and gas pools of honghaoersute sag. By means of Kiba formation, K.ibt and Kibt2 segments analysis on the equivalent time stratigraphic framework, subtle traps will be predicted on stratigraphic traps and lithological traps.

阐明层序、体系域和沉积体系的内部构成及其特征，与高分辨地震资料和测井资料的处理技术相结合，深入解剖洪浩尔舒特凹陷油气藏成藏组合的沉积体系空间配置、储层预测，在等时地层框架内对含油层段(K_1ba组、K_1bt~1及K_1bt~2段)进行精细解剖，有目的地寻找以地层、岩性圈闭为主的隐蔽油气藏。

Combining with high resolution seismic data and log data, this paper makes a profound analysis of the space pattern and reservoir predictability of depositional system on oil and gas pools of honghaoersute sag. By means of K〓ba formation、K〓bt〓 and K〓bt〓 segments analysis on the equivalent time stratigraphic framework, subtle traps will be predicted on stratigraphic traps and lithological traps.

阐明层序、体系域和沉积体系的内部构成及其特征，与高分辨地震资料和测井资料的处理技术相结合，深入解剖洪浩尔舒特凹陷油气藏成藏组合的沉积体系空间配置、储层预测，在等时地层框架内对含油层段(K〓ba组、K〓bt〓及K〓bt〓段)进行精细解剖，有目的地寻找以地层、岩性圈闭为主的隐蔽油气藏。

Analyzed on the tunnels that used EPB method in different soils, the more logical three-dimensional finite element model is based, which can reality represented the soil transfiguration. 3 Due to the engineering example, a 3D FEM simulation model was founded. The model was used to study the rules of soil deformation and surface settlement during shield tunneling. 4 The characteristics of loess include the module, conglutination force and inner friction angle of the loess, affected the soil deformation. 5 The influence factors to the surface settlements such as the depth of soil, the outer diameter of the shield tunnel, the released stress at the cutting face, the fill ratio of the shield tail void, pouring-slurry press, thrusts and lengths of shield and digging steps were studied using the FEM method. References is brought forward in the loess areas of Xi'an was proposed.

通过对不同土质条件下盾构法进行地铁隧道施工的有限元分析，全面反映盾构推进对土体变形的影响情况； 3根据有关勘测资料，建立合理的盾构法施工三维非线性有限元模型，对盾构法施工引起的地层变位和地表位移情况进行计算，分析了盾构施工引起的地层变形规律和地面沉降规律； 4研究了黄土特性(地基模量、粘聚力和内摩擦角)对盾构法施工中土体变形的影响； 5利用三维有限元对盾构施工过程中影响地面沉降的因素(覆土厚度、隧道外径、开挖面压力变化量、注浆压力、盾尾空隙填充率、开挖步长、盾构机的长度和推进力等)进行研究，为今后西安地区地铁的建设提供参考。

Based on field data analysis, a normalized ratio η is suggested in this paper to account for the different geological conditions; and a modified Mair equation is established which is not only suitable for the cases surface settlement trough with different width parameters, but also can be used for sands.

在Mair公式的基础上，着重讨论了沉降槽宽度参数随地层深度的变化趋势，并提出了修正计算公式，不仅可以考虑地表沉降槽宽度参数与0.5相差较大的情况，还适用于砂类土地层，因此比Mair公式具有更广泛的适用性。

The innovation and the breakthrough point of the system research chiefly shows in: finding out the effective forecasting technique of formation, oil and gas water bed and formation pressure , internal/external sharing of data, automatic examination of related data, automatic drawing of three kinds of graph, automatic showing the well position on the structure well position map according to the designed coordinate of well,pretreatment technology of design, generating of design book, mixed arrangement of graph and text, transmission and examination of design book on net, computer management of design book and data, on net query, data compressing technology, etc.

系统研究的创新和突破点主要表现在：总结出一套行之有效的钻遇地层、油气水位置预测方法和根据邻井综合录井资料预测地层压力方法，开发了系统数据内外部共享和相关数据的自动校验、三种图件的自动绘制和在构造井位图上根据设计井座标自动展井位、设计预处理、设计书的生成和图文混排、设计书网上传输和网上审批、设计书和数据的计算机管理和网上查询、大数据压缩等技术。

Equivalent linear method based on multiple reflection theory is used in the analysis, the shear wave velocity is calculated from empirical equation got from ground investigation, the dynamic characteristic of soi is taken from the laboratory test and is revised to simulate the liquefaction at the surface.

计算方法采用建立于重复反射理论上的等价线形化法，根据地层探查资料建立了推求地层剪切波速的经验公式，上体的动力作有下变形模量随应力水平的变化规律采用试验曲线。

The present thrust nappe structure formed in late Jurassic according to comprehensive analysis of sedimentary, structure and fission track tesing result.

在贺兰山的中生代地层中，晚三叠世-中侏罗世地层分布广泛、厚度巨大，中侏罗世延安组为贺兰山的优质含煤层。

The Shahejie Formation of the 5th structure in Napu sag is buried deeply. Its stratigraphic skeleton is composed of volcanic and sedimentary rocks.

南堡凹陷5号构造沙河街组地层埋藏深度较大，由火山岩与沉积岩构成地层骨架。

According to previous experimental data, it is found that the buoyancy and capillary force are effected by reservoir temperature and pressure, and the boundary height of natural gas coming-up so on.

根据前人的实验数据，通过理论计算发现，浮力和毛细管力均受地层温度和压力的影响，气体在储层中上浮的临界高度随地层温度和压力的降低而增大。

Based on natural gas state equation and dynamic theory of natural gas migration, natural gas velocity of flow rate equation before and after temperature and pressure decreasing is fetched, and with which interface natural gas lengths in different reservoirs are calculated and the changing law of equivalent-length natural gas in migration is analyzed, whence it is discovered that migrating velocity of natural gas along tilting up reservoir is increasing inch by inch, along with temperature and pressure continuously decreasing.

由此发现，在运载层物性不变的情况下，天然气沿上倾地层向上倾方向运移的过程，是随地层温度和压力不断降低、其运移速度逐渐增大的过程，如果有后续气体的加入，会使气体长度增大，致使运移速度增加得更快。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失