地层

When local hypergene life prosperous, deposition relative many; Otherwise when the life is in the murky time, relative small; When deposits the many stratum participation internal heat circulation, the surface activity is relatively violent, has the possibility to mean surface Earth life a disaster time, when deposits the few stratum participation internal heat circulation, the surface activity is relatively stable, has the possibility to mean the life an epacme, this is the Earth life periodicity deconstruction and the newborn basic internal reason is at.

当地表生命繁盛时，沉积就相对较多；反之当生命处于低迷时期时，就相对较小；当沉积较多的地层参与内热循环时，地表活动相对猛烈，就有可能意味着地表地球生命的一个灾难期，当沉积较少的地层参与内热循环时，地表活动相对稳定，就有可能意味着生命的一个繁盛期，这就是地球生命周期性毁灭与新生的根本内部原因所在。

The stratigraphic completeness was figured out, which improved the resolution of recognition of sequences; the fractal dimensions of log curves change abnormally at SBs and fs, being a good parameter in high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis and explanation of the complexity of geological background; the fixed vector and the transfer step of the probability matrix can be used in describing quantitatively the randomicity law of the evolution of stratigraphic accumulation, being helpful in analysis of sedimentary series.

测井序列的小波变换不仅可以直观方便地识别层序、准层序界面，而且，与FFT相结合进一步识别出其中的米氏旋回层，并计算出层段地层完整性，大大提高了层序识别分辨率；测井曲线的分形维数在测井层序界面及海泛面处有异常反映，是高分辨层序分析及地质背景复杂性解释的有效参数；固定向量和状态矩阵转移步数可定量描述沉积序列演化的随机规律性，是地层序列分析的辅助手段。

Researches on the strata and their sedimentary facies in the Sandy Desert Area of China since 150000aBP., fossil verteberates, mollusks and sporo-pollen, and the remains of fossil man activities and the analysis resultes of grain-sizes, detrital heavy minerals, clay minerals, chemical elements and CaCO〓as well as the susceptibility values of the strata comprehensively show that the afore-named four sandy desert areas since that time, all had ever undergone intensely developing sandy desert processes but they did not all evolve towards uniform this environment, and the content and form between them were different.

通过对中国沙区15万年来的地层及其沉积相、古脊椎动物、软体动物化石、孢粉、古人类活动遗存与颗粒、碎屑重矿物、粘土矿物、化学元素、CaCO〓分析结果和地层磁化率值等的研究，表明从那时以来上述四大沙区都曾经有过强烈的沙漠发展过程，但这几个沙区沙漠环境的发展并不都是朝着一个方向，且几者间地质过程的内容与形式是不同的。

Use of analytical solution for predicting the ground settlement induced by tunneling in free soil and Plasticity Yield Criterion get the calculation process of analytical solution for predicting the plastic zone induced by tunneling in free soil.

利用预测自由地层中隧道开挖引起土体沉降的解析解，引入理想塑性屈服准则，得到了自由地层中隧道开挖产生塑性区范围的解析解的计算过程。

Based on the above-mentioned models, the soil pre-reinforcement effects for the arch and frontispiece part of tunnel heading, and a gradually instability concept of face was explained.

4通过建立的一系列工作面地层预加固力学行为模型的数值解，以及有限元数值模拟的结果，对浅埋暗挖法地铁隧道工作面地层预加固参数的设计与选择进行了探索。

The evaluation methods for digital filter ing effects used in Gamma ray logging are discussed.

探讨了γ射线测井信号数字滤波效果的评价方法，指出评价数字滤波效果的判别准则，应包括恢复地层真值的效果评价和跟踪地层突变能力的评价两个方面。

First,we have discovered stone artefacts in caves, which have similar features to that were broadly scattered in laterite terraces in Bose basin(0.8 Ma B.P),next study on deposits and fauna will be hopefully contributed to document paleoenvironmental background of early human;Second,early human fossils,Gigantopithecus and mammalian fossils unearthed in Mohui cave provide new evidence of early human origin; Third,after our scientific excavation in Fengshudao site in Bose basin, we have found five pieces of bi-face LCT with 10 tektites and nearly 100 stone artefacts form original laterite deposit.This important discovery is very answerable to international question about stratigraphic suspect of LCT; Fourth, abounding mammallian fossils with human fossils and remains from early Pleistocene to Holocene have been uncovered after systematically excavation in marginal cave of Bose basin.These discoveries are significant to the study on human evolution and establishment of sequence of Quarternary biological-stratigraphic in southern China.

首先，我们在百色盆地边缘洞穴堆积物中，发现与百色盆地内网纹红土阶地（0.8 Ma ）类型相似的石制品，通过对堆积物及其包含动物群的研究有望对解决早期人类生存环境背景作出贡献；其次，在么会洞发现了早更新世早期大约1.8 Ma 的人类化石、巨猿化石和丰富的哺乳动物化石，为解决早期人类起源提供了新的证据；再次，在百色盆地枫树岛旧石器时代遗址，通过科学发掘，从原生地层中发现五件与玻璃陨石共生的手斧，以及近百件其它类型的石制品，解决了目前国际学术界普遍关注的百色手斧的层位问题，为进一步确定百色旧石器的时代奠定了基础；另外，通过对百色盆地边缘洞穴的系统发掘，发现了自早更新世早期至全新世以来不同时代的大量哺乳动物化石，同时还发现中更新世晚期--晚更新世早期和全新世的人类化石和石制品，对研究人类演化、建立华南第四纪生物地层序列具有重要的科学意义。

The method of simulation deformation about hanging wall with the fault-related folding model by the premises of fault geometrical parameter is go by the name of structure forward.

构造反演是指利用地层变形形态反推使之变形的断层的几何参数；构造正演是在已知断层几何形态的情况下根据断层相关褶皱模型模拟相应的上盘地层变形过程，两者是一对相互可逆的几何推算过程，是构造建模的重要组成部分。

Himalaya, which formed on the basement of the Pan-African orogenic event at about 550 Ma BP and experienced Ordovician to Devonian platform sedimentation, was transformed into to a back-arc extensional-rifted zone at the end of the Carboniferous. The Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic mélange zone is a Mesozoic back-arc spreading basin corresponding to the Gangdise paleo-island arc zone on the south side of the Tethyan Ocean. The Gangdise zone experienced island-arc orogeny in the Late Paleozoic. The very significant differences in geology on both sides of the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone suggest that the suture zone is not only the northern boundary of Gondwanaland and the boundary between the Indian (Yunnan-Tibet) stratigraphic realm and the South China (Qiangtang-Sanjiang) stratigraphic realm, but also the relics of subductional collision and final extinction of the Phanerozoic Tethyan Ocean after the breakup of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. The basic point of study of the collisional orogenic processes of the plateau is the structure and composition of the archipelagic arc-basin tectonic realm of three different stages bounded by three rigid paleocontinental blocks (Gondwanaland, Laurasia and Pan-Cathaysian) and the mutual constraining, transformation and coupling of various material movement forms.

喜马拉雅奠基于5.5亿年左右的泛非造山事件基底上，历经奥陶纪至泥盆纪台地沉积，并于石炭纪末转化为印度板块北缘的弧后伸展裂陷带；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂岩带曾是特提斯大洋南侧与冈底斯古岛弧带相对应的中生代弧后扩张盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了晚古生代岛弧造山作用；班公湖-怒江带两侧大量地质特征重大差异表明，班公湖-怒江带是冈瓦纳大陆北界，是印度地层区和华南地层区的分界，是新元古代Rodinia超大陆解体后显生宙特提斯大洋俯冲，消减，碰撞，最后消亡的遗迹。

The key structures of underground powerhouse of Baise multipurpose dam project is accommodated in the diabase stratum, of which most sections of the headrace tunnel, delivery tunnel and other caverns most are accommodated in unfavorable stratum composed of mudstone, silicalite and carbonaceous silicalite.

百色水利枢纽工程地下厂房主体布置在辉绿岩地层当中，其中的引水系统、交通洞等洞室大部分洞段布置在由泥岩、硅质岩和含碳硅质岩等组成的不良地层下。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。