地壳的

Hutuo group of greenschist facies of the mainly sedimentary rocks appears a tectonic style of the huge invert-fan synclinorium in Wutaishan, illustrates the material components of the above crust and inner continental orogenesis. It is a typical example of the tectonic—magma event in the world at 2100—1800Ma, would be a new research hot after Rodinia.

以沉积岩为主的绿片岩相变质的滹沱群，在五台山的构造样式为巨型反扇形复式向斜，代表上地壳的物质组成和陆内造山作用，是研究全球范围内的2100-1800Ma的构造岩浆事件的典型实例，有望成为继Rodinia超大陆研究之后新的研究热点。

The material for formation of the granitoids isderived from mixing sources of crust and mantle, with decreasing in crust-derived componentsfrom early to late.5. The tectonic setting for formation of the Mesozoic granitoids in the region isdefined as a post-collisional setting. The occurrence of a small part of rocks with characteristics ofcollisional or anorogenic granitoids provides evidence for the continuous process oftransformation of tectonic regime from collisional through post-collisional to anorogenic.6. Themultiple cycles of mantle-derived magma underplating caused by the multiple stages oflithospheric thinning in the Mesozoic result in the partial melting of middle to lower crust orcrust-mantle syntexis to form magmas. The crystallization of these magmas emplacing afterfractionation is responsible for the formation of the Mesozoic granitoids in this region.

形成花岗岩类的成岩物质来自壳幔混源。5、河南省西部地区中生代花岗岩类成岩构造环境为碰撞后环境，部分岩石具有碰撞期或非造山期花岗岩的某些特征，表明碰撞后阶段既是碰撞造山过程的延续，又是向非造山环境的构造转换时期，因而其岩浆活动在一定程度上仍然继承了碰撞前消减时期和碰撞时期已经活化的岩浆源区性质。6、研究表明，区内中生代多阶段的岩石圈减薄作用引发多旋回的幔源岩浆底侵以及中下地壳的部分熔融或壳幔同熔，由此形成的岩浆经分异演化后侵位可以形成区内的中生代花岗岩类。

Tagore was appalled by it, both because he thought that introducing politics into a situation in which a lot of the people killed were children who had nothing to do with untouchability was a pretty nasty thing to do.

泰戈尔为此震惊，因为他认为，政治介入到无数人死亡，而且死亡的孩子们与贱民无关，这真是一个很丑恶的事。他还认为，地震具有科学的理由，这是人们应该理解的，要理解地球的实质，要理解地壳的运动。

Combine with the "Post-collisional" geochemical characteristics and the participation of mantle-derived composition;the emplacement events of granites maybe represent a transition from collision to orogenic collapse,and the magma maybe derives from the breakoff or delamination processes,then ascend to the upper crust along the strike-slip or transtensional fault.

结合花岗岩&后碰撞&的地球化学特征及岩浆形成过程中幔源物质、热的参与等认为这些花岗岩的形成应代表了造山带由碰撞造山向造山带垮塌过渡的早期阶段，岩浆的形成可能由一些深部过程如拆沉、板片断离等引起，并沿这一时期中浅部地壳的走滑或者走滑伸展构造侵位。

Researches to the gold-bearing quality of sedimentary and magmatic rocks show that most of these rocks have more gold content than the average of the upper crust. Further evidences are quoted to support the view that fluids exist in shallow crust have the ability resolve some gold. Moreover, in the convergent compression, deep melting of the lower lithosphere can bring some Au and mineralization materials and move up to upper crust. Regional faults, which formed in geosynclinal and diwa periods, controlled the partial distribution of intrusions and gold mineralization belts, i.e.

区域地层和岩浆岩的含金性表明，岩浆岩和大部分地层均具较高的金异常含量，而进一步的研究表明浅部地壳的流体对地层中的金具一定的溶解和搬运迁移能力；而在汇聚挤压构造体制下由深熔作用生成的岩浆可以从岩石圈深部携带部分金和其它成矿物质并迁移到地表浅部，地槽期和地洼期形成的区域断裂构造共同控制了中新世岩浆的侵入和金成矿带的分布。

The Paleoproterozoic Beidahe Group-complex remains as continental shivers in the interior of the North Qilian orogen. In its early stage of development, there occurred abundant amphibolite. The protolith of the amphibolite is basalts. The Alk-∑FeO-MgO plot, REE features and Rittmann index show that the protolith belongs to the calc-alkaline suite and exceptionally shows the subalkaline character. The rock is characterized by higher Al2O3 and ∑FeO and lower Mg#, indicating that it has a higher degree of compositional evolution and that the formation of volcanic rocks is related to activation of older crust. Highly fractionated REE patterns and amphibolite on the Ti-Zr-Y plot, Ni-FeO/MgO plot and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb plot all indicate the characteristics of volcanic arcs and active continental margins. On the geochemical diagram of basalt, the overall REE features are in the main analogous to those of calc-alkaline island-arc basalt, with Sr87/Sr86=0.71617–0.72033,Nd143/Nd144=0.512414–0.512495 and εNd=–2.79 to –4.37,εSr=245.78–305.3, showing that the magma was derived from the crust or subjected to contamination with the lower crust below the continent.

提要：以大陆碎块形式残存于北祁连造山带内部的古元古代北大河岩群早期发育有大量的斜长角闪岩，其原岩为玄武岩，Alk—∑FeO—MgO图解，REE特征，里特曼组合指数等均显示斜长角闪岩属钙碱性系列范围，个别显示弱碱性，斜长角闪岩具有较高的Al2O3，∑FeO和低的Mg#，这些特点反映其成分演化程度较高，表明火山岩的形成与古老地壳的活化有关，有较强分异的稀土元素分配模式，在Ti—Zr—Y图，Ni—FeO/MgO图解和Ta/Yb—Th/Yb图解上斜长角闪岩均显示火山弧或活动大陆边缘的特点，在玄武岩的地球化学形式图，稀土元素整体特征与钙碱性岛弧玄武岩基本相同；87Sr/86Sr=0.716 17～0.720 33， 143Nd/144Nd=0.512 414～0.512 495，εNd=-2.79～-4.37。

On the other hand, the low-Ti/Y type picrites and low-Ti basalts were also probably derived from the same plume source, but magmas of the low-Ti/Y type picrites most likely experienced a mixture with more than 15% bulk SCLM material; and magams of the low-Ti basalts were probably contaminated with over 15% melt from SCLM.

木里低Ti／Y型苦橄岩具有低的γOs(-4.1～-0.2)和高εNd_(t(+3.2～+6.6)，它们也未受到地壳的混染，Nd-Os同位素二元混合模型表明它们可能是由地幔柱起源的苦橄质原始岩浆混合了15％或更多的SCLM物质形成的；与其共生的低钛玄武岩具有低的γOs(＜0)和低的εNd_(t值，它们可能是由地幔柱起源的玄武质原始岩浆混合了15％或更多的SCLM的熔融物质形成的。

The results of the study indicate:(1) the stress, strain and velocity fields as well as the uplift rates of the model are consistent essentially with those of the prototype in nature;(2) the major driving force for intraplate tectonic deformation in central-eastern Asia results mainly from the compression of the Indian plate;(3) the existence of the RSBs, such as those of Tarim, Alxa, Ordos and Sichuan basin, is one of the basic origins for the development of large-scale compressional basins and the table-like uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau;(4) The netlike plastic-flow in the lower lithosphere is faster than the displacement in the upper layer, controlling the tectonic stress and deformation fields in the upper crust;(5) the weakness layer distributed discontinuously in the middle crust influences the level of difference between the stress directions in the lower lithosphere and those in the seismogenic layer.

研究结果表明：(1)模型中的应力场、应变场、位移速度场和地表隆升速率，与自然条件下的实际状况基本相符；(2)中东亚板内构造变形的驱动力源主要来自印度板块的推挤作用；(3)塔里木、阿拉善、鄂尔多斯、四川盆地等相对稳定块体的存在是促成大型压性盆地形成和青藏高原平台式隆升的基本原因之一；(4)岩石圈下层的网状塑性流动超前于上层，控制上层的构造应力场和变形场；(5)中部地壳的非连续分布软弱层影响上、下层之间应力方向的差异程度。

The relationships between large igneous rock province, mantle plume and petroleum show that there is a low velocity-high conductive layer of mid-crust in the basin and this layer is the main source of oil and gas. Weathered granites and volcanic rocks are the best reservoir beds for hydrocarbon accumulation and the faults are the main migration pathway. It is suggested that granite and volcanic reservoirs be the future exploration targets.

通过研究花岗岩和火山岩油气藏的形成模式，指出大火成岩省、地幔柱与油气的关系表明盆地中地壳的低速－高导层可能是油气的主要来源，而花岗岩、火山岩的风化壳是油气成藏的最佳储集层，断裂则是其最主要的运移通道，花岗岩和火山岩油气藏将是未来勘探的重要目标。

The planetesimals accretion s of the Earth obviously have two stages, including initial accretion and late accretion .

地球的星子吸积过程具有明显的两阶段性，即原地球吸积阶段和晚期吸积阶段，而后期的吸积过程对上地幔及地壳的化学成分不均一性的影响尤为显著。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。