地壳的

The break-off and cumulates of subducted slab would give rise to the upwelling of mantle material and then thermal -chemical erosion of lithospheric roots happened.

俯冲板片断离及在深部地幔中的堆积，必然引起地幔物质的对流，从而产生地幔羽，上升的地幔羽对岩石圈底部发生热侵蚀和化学侵蚀，并在薄弱地带上升喷出地表或侵入在地壳浅部，形成了广泛而强烈的岩浆作用。

Here have given birth to the ancestors of the Chinese nation, the establishment of the Chinese people had homes, and successive changes in the earth's crust millions of years of war, disasters, erosion, it fragmented, especially in the central region of Dingxi motherland has become one of the most barren places, but contains endless treasures.

这里曾经孕育了华夏民族的祖先，建立过炎黄子孙的家园，亿万年地壳变迁和历代战乱，灾害侵蚀，使它支离破碎，尤以定西中部地区成了祖国最贫瘠的地方之一，但蕴含着无尽的宝藏。

It constitutes 21% of air and more than 46% of Earth's crust, where it is the most plentiful element.

无色、无臭、无味的气体，为地壳中含量最多的元素，它的最重要的化合物是水。

"Taliks form when the downwelling summer heating wave extends deeper than the corresponding winter cooling wave, thereby preventing the talik from refreezing in winter and permitting heat to accumulate at depth as soil ice melts," the scientists said in their study to be published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

&由于在地壳板块压力下下降的夏季暖流比相应的冬季寒流沉潜得更深，居间不冻层得以形成，也因此居间不冻层在冬季能够不再结冰，保证土壤中的冰融化时热量在地底深处也能够流通。&研究人员在这份发表于《地球物理学通信》杂志的研究论文中写道。

The deepest earthquakes typically occur at plate boundaries where the Earth's crust is being subducted into the Earth's mantle.

最深的地震通常发生在板块边界的地方的地壳正在俯冲到地球的地幔。

From about 206 Ma there occurred arc-continent collision accompanied by compressional contraction and shearing deformation of the arc crust and development of syn-collision granites. In the late Yanshanian epoch (138-73 Ma) post-orogenic extension came into action and resulted in the generation of A-type granites. During the Himalayan (65-15 Ma) intra-continental orogenic movement a large-scale strike-slip thrusting induced the intrusion of granites and development of pull-apart basins.

据此，再造了造山带的形成过程与演化历史：印支期的大规模俯冲造山作用(238～210 Ma)，形成义敦火山岩浆弧；大约自206 Ma始，发生弧-陆碰撞，伴随岛弧地壳挤压收缩和剪切变形，发育同碰撞花岗岩；进入燕山晚期(138～73 Ma)，岛弧碰撞造山带发生造山后伸展作用，形成A型花岗岩带；喜马拉雅期发生陆内造山作用(65～15 Ma)，岛弧碰撞造山带出现逆冲-推覆和大规模走滑平移，伴随喜马拉雅期花岗岩的侵位和拉分盆地的形成。

New GPS monitoring data indicate that in the Eurasian frame, the horizontal velocity of the crustal movement in the Sichuan-Qinghai block and its adjacent Longmen Mountain belt and the western margin of the South China block shows a general trend of decreasing progressively from 25.66 to 6.99 mm/a from west to east.

新的GPS监测资料表明，在欧亚框架内，川青地块及其邻近的龙门山带和华南地块西缘的地壳运动水平速度，具有自西向东由25.66mm/a 递变下降到6.99mm/a的总趋势。

Meanwhile, in North America, the EarthScope project is establishing a continent-wide network of GPS locators, seismographs, and other instruments to study what's happening below the crust.

与此同时，在北美开展的&地球透镜&计划正在建立一个包括全球定位系统定位仪、地震仪和其他仪器所组成的洲际范围的网络，以研究地壳下面的活动情况。

Meanwhile, in north america, the earthscope project is establishing a continent-wide network of gps locators, seismographs, and other instruments to study what's happening below the crust.

与此同时，在北美开展的&地球透镜&计划正在建立一个包括全球*系统定位仪、地震仪和其他仪器所组成的洲际范围的网络，以研究地壳下面的活动情况。

Meanwhile, in North America, the EarthScope project is establish ing a continent-wide network of GPS locators, seismographs, and other instruments to study what's happen ing below the crust.

与此同时，在北美开展的&地球透镜&计划正在建立一个包括全球定位系统定位仪、地震仪和其他仪器所组成的洲际范围的网络，以研究地壳下面的活动情况。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。