地壳的

Geochemical characteristics of 36 Tertiary mudstone samples from Kuqa depression show that the content of CaO is very high, which can somewhat dilute other major elements, trace elements and rare elements. Some reliable indicators for provenance analysis show the source rock nature of noncarbonate sediments. The REE distribution pattern is similar to that of the upper continental crust, characterized by enrichment of LREE and negative Eu anomalies. Some trace element ratios show that the source rocks are mainly felsic.

对库车坳陷第三系36件泥岩样品的地球化学特征分析表明，主量元素中CaO的含量很高，对其他主量元素以及微量和稀土元素有稀释作用，一些可靠的物源分析指标主要指示了非碳酸盐沉积物的源区性质；REE分布模式与上地壳相似，轻稀土元素富集，Eu负异常，微量元素比值显示源岩以长英质岩石为主。

It is showed that a quantitative analysis on those geophysical factors causing the seasonal vertical movement of the crust could be very helpful to explain what is obtained in GPS monitoring, such as the atmospheric pressure, the mass load of snow cover and soil humidity, the nontidal oceanic mass load, rock's thermal expansion and shrink and so on. Also we do some ualitative analysis on the systematic errors between them.

研究表明，通过对大气压、积雪和土壤湿度质量负载、非潮汐海洋质量负载、以及基岩的热胀冷缩等地球物理机制因素引起地壳垂向季节性变化的定量分析，可以较好地解释GPS的监测结果，对两者间存在的一些系统偏差做了定性分析。

We analyzed the tectonic differences and deep geodynamic characteristics based on the tomographic results, which show high velocity anomalies at the uppermost mantle beneath the northeast SCS, and depict the lithospheric mantle extension from South China continent to marginal sea. Because of the low temperature and thick lithosphere beneath the northeast SCS, it seems no magma intruded from mantle, so we inferred that the rift may only occur in the crust rather than extend to the upper mantle, which shows the nature of nonvolcanic continental margin.

结果表明：南海东北部表现出陆架地区的岩石层特性，属于华南大陆向海区的延伸，岩石层厚度较大，现今不存在大规模的地幔热流活动，推测大陆边缘张裂作用仅限于地壳内部而没有延伸进入上地幔，具有非火山型大陆边缘的深部特点。

The rheological behavior of garnet and omphacite have attracted great attentions in recent years.

橄榄石和石英作为分别代表地幔和地壳流变学状态的典型矿物，近二十年来已经积累了大量的实验和天然变形资料可供对比；石榴子石和辉石的流变学性质近年来也已引起人们的注意和重视。

There's also postglacial rebound, with the crust and mantle that were depressed by the huge ice sheets that sat on the surface during the last ice age now rebounding upward on the order of a centimeter a year.

也有冰河期的反弹，随着地壳和地幔被巨大的冰块压制着，在上一个冰河世纪的表面，现在以每年一厘米的速度向上升。

Fortunately, the modern geodetic measurements such as the Global Positioning System technique can overcome the shortage of the geological and seismographic methods in the time dimension; and yet, the coverage of the geodetic survey stations is not sufficient. As a result, it is necessary to employ numerical simulation to investigate the continuous deformation of the crust.

而以全球定位系统等技术为主的大地测量方法弥补了地质和地震学方法在时间维上的不足，但大地测量方法存在测点覆盖不足及测点地理分布不均匀的缺点，因此，要得到连续的地壳形变场有必要借助数值模拟方法。

Some basic geological problems related to establish the Surficial Crust Section, such as the division of geomorphologic type and Quaternary time-genesis series, were also studied in detail.

一些与建立地壳表层断面有关的基础地质问题，如区内地貌类型的划分、第四纪堆积物时代-成因系列的建立等，也在文中做了详细的研究。

They perform not only environmental factors for tectonic activity , but also an important active power they are the transferential carrier of matter and energy , in fact , they also function as the material body of many energy resources and mineral solutions .

这些流体夹杂在地壳之中，既是各种构造活动的环境因素，也是一种活跃的动力因子；既是物质和能量转移和传递的载体，也是多种能源和矿液的实体。

It is necessary to convert plenty of pine sources into economy advantage, and develop a kind of unprecious metal catalyst substituting for Palladium.

目前，松香歧化反应用最理想的催化剂是Pd/C催化剂，但贵金属Pd在地壳中含量少，价格贵，而我国钯主要依靠进口，要把云南省丰富的松林资源优势转化为经济优势，研究开发一种可以替代Pd的非贵金属催化剂具有重要的意义。

Because Yunnan Province abounds with pine resources, it is necessary for us to develop a kind of unprecious metal catalyst substituting for Palladium and improving the devel.

但贵金属Pd在地壳中含量少，价格贵，而我国钯主要依靠进口，且云南省具有丰富的松林资源，因此，研究开发一种可以替代Pd的非贵金属催化剂对促进云南林产化工的发展具有积极的作用。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。