地壳的

The results show that A-type granites in eastern China are of diverse crustal origins. They were either derived from anatexis of old lower crust or resulted from partial melting of recycling juvenile altered oceanic crust, and the latter has net contribution to the continental growth.

结果表明，中国东部A型花岗岩物质来源具有多样性，既可起源于古老下地壳深熔作用，也可由再循环年青蚀变洋壳通过部分熔融产生，后者是大陆生长的重要方式之一。

The research shows that in the Yinggehai basin, the formation of CO_(2) reservoir which is crust-sourced and crust-mental-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local action of hot fluid in the mud diapir area which is multi terms and multi zones and by physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO_(2) in the Qiongdongnan basin and Pearl River Mouth basin is mainly controlled by volcanos activities and by the exist of large faults which reached to base to connect the gas from the mantle. According to different mechanism ang formation of reservoir os the the crustal rock-chemical genesis and volcano-and mantle-sourced CO_(2), we can follow the source of it, analysis and predict the migration and accumulation and distribution model of gas and espacially CO_(2), so as to help to make the plan of petroleum exploration and reduce the risk of exploration.

认为：莺歌海盆地壳源型及壳幔混合型CO2的形成及富集成藏，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层、分块和多期的局部上侵活动，和巨厚的上新统—中新统海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，且CO2运聚分布规律亦具多期和分层、分区的特点；琼东南盆地东部及珠江口盆地火山幔源成因型CO2则主要受控于幔源型火山活动和沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2运聚富集规律与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所伴生的大量CO2；因此，根据壳源岩石化学成因型CO2与火山幔源成因型CO2不同成因机理及成藏条件，可以追踪CO2气源，可分析和预测天然气尤其是CO2的运聚分布规律，可为天然气勘探部署及决策提供依据，可减少和降低勘探风险。

2Nd, thorough analysis: The Earth may say is an extremely marvelous thermonuclear reactor, when the earth interior pressure achieved certain critical, in the Earth material may decay the nuclear matter is called as the thermonuclear material, can have the thermonuclear reaction, thus has the huge energy, then the melted partial materials, form the rock magma are the liquid state materials, this response stratification plane is possibly many stratification planes, first possibly is located between the earth's crust and the mantle, upward next two transfers, displays for the light density material diastrophism as well as density upper mantle material phenomena and so on solidification; Under second possibly is located between the mantle and the core, the pressure is more formidable, causes not not easily to have the thermonuclear reaction thermonuclear material to have the response, forms the relative quite stable liquefied material level, simultaneously is upward next two transfers, forms the counter-flow phenomenon which the high density under mantle as well as the high density core material contact liquefies and is far away cools; These material periodicity regular movements and so on convection as well as Earth polar axis rotation are possibly the basic source powers which the terrestrial magnetic field produces.

深入剖析：地球可以说是一个非常奇妙的热核反应堆，当地球内部的压力达到一定的临界，地球物质中可衰变的核物质统称为热核物质，就会发生热核反应，从而产生巨大的能量，进而融化部分物质，形成岩浆即液态物质，这个反应层面可能是多个层面，第一层可能位于地壳与地幔之间，向上下两边对流，表现为轻密度物质的地壳运动以及中密度上地幔物质的固化等现象；第二层可能位于下地幔与地核之间，压力更为强大，引起不易发生热核反应的热核物质发生反应，形成相对比较稳定的液化物质层，同时向上下两边对流，形成中高密度的下地幔以及高密度地核物质的接触液化和远离冷却的对流现象；这些对流以及地球极轴自转等物质周期性规律性运动可能是地球磁场产生的根本源动力。

In this model, a parameterized method has been employed to decrease or eliminate vertical deflection and vertical refraction errors.4 For the long baselines of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, using the GPS satellites orbits and stations positioning analysis software GAMIT opened up by MIT to do the single day GPS observation data processing, a synthetic solution model, which is called "the synthetic solution model of baseline vectors", has been built up with several single day baseline vectors calculated by the GAMIT software, to compute the three dimension movement velocities of sites.

对于长基线的GPS地壳变形监测网，采用MIT开发研制的精密GPS定轨定位软件GAMIT进行单天GPS观测数据的处理，提出了利用多期单天的GAMIT解算出的基线向量进行综合解算的模型："基线向量综合解算模型"，用以计算地壳监测站点的漂移速度，并通过实例验证了该计算模型的正确性和可靠性。

From the Late Carboniferous to the Permian, Junggar region into the post-collision tectonic evolution stage, in the stage of the post-collision, the early subduction slab rupture and separate, asthenosphere decompression melting, basalt magma take place underplating, because the underplating of the basalt magma, low crust melt by the high temperature forming the acid crust-magma, the basic magma from mantle and acid one from crust mixing at the vicinity of the crust-mantle boundary, formed the Huangyangshan magma mixing plution, the dioritic microgranular enclaves are the recorder of the crust and mantal magma mixing process.

从晚石炭世到二叠纪，准噶尔地区进入后碰撞构造演化阶段，在后碰撞构造阶段，早期的俯冲板片断离，软流圈减压熔融，玄武质岩浆底侵至下地壳底部，底侵基性岩浆带来的巨大热量，导致地壳物质熔融，形成大规模的花岗质岩浆，两种岩浆在壳-幔边界附近发生不同程度的混合，其中闪长质微细粒包体就是基性的幔源岩浆和酸性的壳源岩浆不同程度的混合的记录者。

In this paper, the stress and strain fields of lithosphere in Himalayan Western Syntaxis orogenic belt and its adjacent areas since 10Ma are investigated through using the 3-D finite-element simulation, and deformation and evolution process in former 2Ma are simulated with different rheological parameters and rheological structure. Studies on functions in simulation process of different viscosity parameters, constitutive relation and changes of initial curst thickness show below results:(1) When various viscoelastic models are adopted, the selection of the coefficient of viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area has important influence on the its uplifts and evolutions. The computational results show that the viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area should be smaller than 1023Pa·s;(2) When the elastic model is adopted in relatively rigid Tarim basin, obvious changes are induced to the stress and strain fields of the whole Western Syntaxis area;(3) The existence of mechanical property stable block doesn′t make the propagation of the stress field show obvious decoupling phenomenon.

用数值模拟的方法探讨了自10 Ma以来喜马拉雅弧形造山带的西构造结及邻区岩石圈的形变和位移变化特征，并采用不同的流变参数和流变结构模拟了前2 Ma内的形变和应力场的演化过程，通过对不同黏性系数、本构关系和初始地壳厚度的改变在演化过程中所起的作用研究表明：（1）采用黏弹性模型时，西构造结区黏性参数的选取对西构造结及邻区隆升高度和隆升范围有重要影响，计算结果给出西构造结区地壳黏性系数应小于1023Pa·s；（2）相对刚性的塔里木盆地采用弹性结构时，对整个西构造结区域的应力和应变场均能引致明显变化；（3）力学性质稳定块体的存在并没有使应力场的传播出现明显的解耦现象。

The earth is a complicated system, and it has been continuously moving differentiating and evolving since it had been formed. Not only has the earth layering structure, but it has vertical movement of materials. The movement is prompted by the mechanism of force and heat of the centrifugal force to be formed by the rotation and revolution of the earth, and difference of temperature, pressure, density, viscosity and velocity in the between core and mantle, and radioactive heat, et al. The expressive means of the mechanism of force and heat are the precesses of mantle plume and mantle fluid. Not only are ore-materials of core and mantle carried directly into crust, but ore-materials of crust are activated and accumulated into proper location by the mantle fluid having the supercritical nature.

地球是一个复杂的系统，自形成以来，一直处于不停地运动、分异和演化过程；它不仅存在着圈层结构，而且伴随其自转和公转的离心力，以及核幔间的温度差、压力差、密度差、粘度差、速度差和放射性蜕变热等动热机制，同时存在着以地幔柱和地幔流体作用方式的物质垂向运动；这一过程，不仅直接向地壳带入核幔成矿物质，而且通过流体自身的超临界性质，将沿途活化已有初步富集的成矿物质转移至地壳适宜部位集中成矿。

This implies a major stage of crustal growth in Proterozoic time and remelting of the crustal material in Early Jurassic time;(5) The Oligocene-Miocene adakites contain magmatic zircons that show similar Hf isotope compositions to the Cretaceous-Paleogene Gangdese batholiths, providing a key constraint that allows evaluation of the nature and timing of crustal thickening in southern Tibet owing to the India-Asia collision; and (6) As a whole, the Hf isotope information observed in zircons from the above Transhimalayan rocks demonstrates a temporal variation in εHf values, and thus TDMC ages, that suggests multiple stages of orogenic or crustal formation events.

五、渐新世、中新世的埃达克岩，其岩浆锆石的铪同位素特徵与白垩纪、古第三纪冈底斯岩浆相似，因而为藏南在印亚碰撞以后，地壳增厚的时间与机制提供了关键性的制约；六、综观上述藏南火成岩中的锆石，它们与时变化的铪同位素初始值及其对应的模式年龄记录了拉萨地块多阶段的造山与地壳形成历史。

E The fractal and spherical particles exist favorably in the coarse fraction, while in the fine mode (0μm) are floccules formed by flocking fine particles together, containing crustal elements and mainly being silicates and aluminosilicates. f The content of Al, Si, Fe in TSP samples is higher than in PM〓, indicating an enrichment of these elements in coarse mode. g Compared with non-dust particles, the dust particles are more homogeneous in terms of morphology, particle size and composition. h Particles with irregular shape and well-distributed size dominate in dust samples, containing crustal elements such as Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe et al.

细粒中除小圆球外，大多为细小颗粒聚结在一起的不规则块状颗粒，主要含地壳元素，可能是硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐。fMg、Al、Si、Fe在PM〓中的含量较相应的TSP中的低，可见这些元素主要存在于较粗颗粒中。g沙尘期气溶胶粒子的形貌较非沙尘期单一、均匀，非沙尘气溶胶粒子的形貌、组分较沙尘期复杂。h沙尘期样品中，粒径均匀、形状不规则的颗粒最多，这些颗粒主要含地壳元素Mg、Al、Si、Ca和Fe等，是典型的由源区传输过来的沙尘粒子，但其高硫含量表明在青岛特殊的地理环境下，在粒子表面发生了硫的均相和非均相反应。

The disturbing rields caused by the speedup and quietude of upper crustal movement in Tibetan Plateau indicate that, when the upper crust movement is speedup in Tibetan Plateau and keeps the boundary condition unchanged, the energy stored in upper crust is released, the driving force by Indian plate increases the horizontal compression stress and movement in other layers in Tibetan Plateau, and increase the horizontal compression stress in the whole geosphere in North China area Comparing the disturbing distribution of horizontal compression stress in the upper mantle layer, the value in North China area is only about one twelfths of that in south part of Tibetan Plateau.

3青藏高原地区地壳非均匀活动在中国大陆岩石层引起扰动场的研究结果表明，在保持板块边界作用强度不变的情况下，青藏高原地区岩石层上部地壳运动的增强，增加了其岩石层下部的向前推挤，同时也增加了对其它块体的推挤作用，以上地幔盖层内最大水平主压应力的扰动值为例，华北地区比青藏高原南部地区小一个量级。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。